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Can the Capital Markets Union Deliver?

Author

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  • Hans-Helmut Kotz
  • Dorothea Schäfer

Abstract

Compared to the U.S., the euro area has been underperforming in the wake of the Great Financial Crisis (GFC). This holds especially true for peripheral euro area economies. Whereas the U.S. is characterised by a financial system dominated by arms’ length (capital-market oriented) interaction between providers and users of funds, in Europe, in many cases, bank intermediation dominates. However, fragile, capital-constrained banks also meant a curtailed supply of funds, an issue especially for bank-dependent small or medium-sized firms (SMEs). Hence, it appears more than evident that easing the access to capital markets (in particular through securitization) should support medium-run growth perspectives, especially in peripheral euro area economies, those worst hit. There might, however, be structural (economic) reasons why SMEs prefer (local) bank relationships. Given substantial underlying idiosyncrasies, placing SME debt, in collateralised form, on capital markets has proven difficult. Finally, the strong emphasis put in the CMU project on disintermediation comes with side-effects. National systems of finance are often part and parcel of an institutional landscape with internal coherence. Reengineering finance is therefore more than a parametric adjustment, calling for political debate. Die Eurozone hat sich langsamer von der Finanzkrise erholt als die USA. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Volkswirtschaften am Rande des Währungsgebiets. Während die Vereinigten Staaten ein Finanzsystem haben, in dem sich Investoren und Geldgeber überwiegend auf anonymen Kapitalmärkten koordinieren, dominiert in Europa die Koordination von Sparern und Kreditnehmern über Banken. Sind Banken allerdings angeschlagen und kapitalarm, können sie nur eingeschränkt Finanzierungen anbieten. Dies stellt insbesondere für bankabhängige kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) ein Problem dar. Um die mittelfristigen Wachstumsperspektiven, insbesondere in den am stärksten von der Krise betroffenenPeripheriestaaten des Euroraums, zu fördern, scheint es folglich naheliegend, den direkten Zugang zu den Kapitalmärkten (insbesondere durch Verbriefungen) für Unternehmen und Sparerinnen und Sparer zu erleichtern. Dabei wird allerdings übersehen, dass es handfeste wirtschaftliche Gründe sind, die KMU dazu veranlassen, ihre Finanzgeschäfte über (lokale) Banken abzuwickeln, anstatt anonyme Kapitalmärkte zu nutzen. Beispielsweise hat sich die Platzierung von KMU-Schulden in besicherter Form auf den Kapitalmärkten als schwierig erwiesen. Zu groß sind die Eigenheiten dieser Unternehmenskategorie und zu wenig standardisierbar ihre Schulden. Die im Zuge der Kapitalmarktunion angestrebte Disintermediation hat Nebenwirkungen. Nationale Finanzierungssysteme sind oft Teil einer institutionellen Gesamtstruktur mit interner Kohärenz. Die beabsichtigte Umgestaltung derFinanzsysteme ist daher viel mehr als nur eine parametrische Anpassung. Die politische Debatte darüber ist längst überfällig.

Suggested Citation

  • Hans-Helmut Kotz & Dorothea Schäfer, 2017. "Can the Capital Markets Union Deliver?," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 86(2), pages 89-98.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:86-2-7
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.86.2.89
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial system; bank-based; market-based; small and medium-sized firm; Capital Markets Union; European Union; euro area; institutional coherence;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General

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