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Vermögensteuer auf Immobilien: Gefahr der Vernachlässigung von Marktsignalen

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  • Dimitris Christelis

Abstract

During the Greek crisis the wealth tax on real estate (WTRE) was increased four-fold as a percentage of GDP in order to boost fiscal revenues. This increase contributed to an essentially complete freeze of the real estate market, a considerable drop in real estate prices, and a substantial deepening of the recession. Using conservative assumptions, we calculate that the WTRE increases unemployment by 70,000–100,000 persons yearly. Perversely, the net effect of the WTRE increase on fiscal revenues has been, at best, slightly positive if not quite negative, as the WTRE induces large tax losses by lowering household spending and housing investment. Moreover, the real estate market freeze prevents households from accessing their savings embodied in real estate in order to counter the recession’s negative effects, and pay taxes and other debts. Reasons for this policy failure include flawed economic analysis, failure to monitor the real estate market, and cognitive biases. In der griechischen Krise wurde die Vermögensteuer auf Immobilien (VSI) relativ zum Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) um das Vierfache erhöht, um die Haushaltseinnahmen zu steigern. Dieser Anstieg trug zu einem fast vollständigen Einfrieren des Immobilienmarktes, zu einem Verfall der Immobilienpreise und zu einer Vertiefung der Rezession bei. Unter konservativen Annahmen lässt sich schließen, dass die VSI die Arbeitslosigkeit um 70 000–100 000 Personen pro Jahr erhöht hat. Die Nettowirkung auf die Haushaltseinnahmen war eher negativ. So hat die Erhöhung der VSI zu erheblichen Steuerverlusten geführt, weil die Ausgaben der Haushalte und die Investitionen in den Hausbau verringert wurden. Das Einfrieren des Immobilienmarktes verhindert, dass Haushalte die in ihrem Grundbesitz enthaltenen Ersparnisse bekommen, um Steuern und andere Schulden zahlen zu können. Diese fehlgeschlagene Politik fußt letztlich in einer mangelnden ökonomischen Analyse, einer fehlenden Beobachtung des Immobilienmarktes sowie kognitiver Voreingenommenheit.

Suggested Citation

  • Dimitris Christelis, 2015. "Vermögensteuer auf Immobilien: Gefahr der Vernachlässigung von Marktsignalen," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 84(4), pages 81-103.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:84-4-5
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.84.4.81
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Wealth tax; real estate; market collapse; liquidity constraints; multiplier; Greek crisis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household
    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory

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