Neuroscience of Music: Impact of Musical Stimulation on Brain Plasticity and Education. A Literature Review

The impact of musical training on brain plasticity has been extensively researched, demonstrating its influence on crucial aspects such as cognitive development, memory, executive function, and language acquisition. This review highlights the main scientific findings that show how musical education strengthens neural connections, induces both structural and functional changes in the auditory cortex, and enhances the integration of fundamental brain networks, such as the salience network. Studies indicate that musical training during childhood enhances verbal memory, auditory discrimination, and reading ability, which in turn facilitates second language learning and the development of mathematical skills. Furthermore, musical training stimulates neuroplasticity in adults and has been successfully used in the neurorehabilitation of patients with cognitive and motor impairments. Recent research also suggests that live music triggers greater brain stimulation in the affective domain compared to recorded music, emphasizing its importance in therapeutic contexts. From an educational perspective, the implementation of music education programs can significantly contribute to students' holistic development, improving their academic performance and emotional well-being. These findings support the inclusion of musical strategies in public education and health policies, promoting their access as an essential tool for human development. In conclusion, musical training not only promotes cognitive development but also presents significant therapeutic applications for diverse populations.