Ethical and Legal Challenges in the Use of Robotics for Critical Surgical Interventions

Many significant operations now use robots, which has transformed contemporary medicine by enabling quicker, less intrusive therapies for patients that are more exact. Robotic-assisted surgical systems—powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)—have generated societal and legal questions as well as fresh avenues for medical outcome improvement. Privacy threats, judgements made by artificial intelligence, patient liberty, who is accountable for medical blunders, and equitable access to robotic surgical technology are among the most pressing concerns of individuals. It becomes more difficult to determine who is liable as the legislation evolves, particularly in cases where AI faults or failures lead to surgical blunders. Using artificial intelligence to perform real-time surgical decisions raises ethical questions about the requirement of human direction, the reality that machine learning systems could be biassed, and Robotic systems are also rather costly, hence they can only be employed in facilities with means to do so. This creates less equitable access to contemporary medical procedures. This article addresses these concerns by examining the new technology, risk-reducing tactics, legal frameworks, and policy recommendations required to guarantee moral and ethical use of robotically assisted surgical procedures. The research reveals that physicians must be extremely well educated, artificial intelligence must be very clear, and laws all around must be united if we want to make robotic surgery safer, more successful, and more accessible for more people. Strict legal employment criteria, clear ethical standards, and equitable healthcare procedures will direct future advancement in AI-driven robotic surgery to the highest degrees of patient safety and medical innovation.