Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Holistic Approach . Parte 1

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been widely studied due to its impact on the academic, social and emotional life of those who suffer from it. It was recognized as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, mainly affecting childhood, although its symptoms persisted into adolescence and adulthood. Since its first descriptions in the 18th century, our understanding of it has evolved significantly, allowing for a more comprehensive approach to its diagnosis and treatment. Development: Historically, ADHD has been conceptualized in different ways, with the research of George F. Still and Barkley standing out in the identification of the disorder. Its diagnosis was based on clinical observation and standardized scales, which generated controversy due to the variability in the presentation of symptoms. Regarding its neurobiological basis, neuroscience studies identified alterations in the prefrontal cortex, the cerebellum and the corpus callosum, while genetic research showed a high heritability of the disorder. Its treatment combined psychological, educational and pharmacological approaches, with methylphenidate standing out as an effective option, although its use required medical supervision. Conclusions: ADHD represented a challenge in the clinical and educational fields due to its impact on human development. Neuroscience research allowed for a better understanding of its biological and genetic bases, while advances in diagnosis and treatment favored a comprehensive approach. Despite progress, there was a continued need for studies that optimize intervention strategies and promote greater awareness of its impact on patients' lives.