High-Efficiency Urease Inhibitors from Copper Coordination Complexes: Biotechnology and Agricultural Applications

The development of efficient urease inhibitors has become increasingly critical for agricultural sustainability and environmental protection. This paper examines the potential of copper coordination complexes as high-efficiency urease inhibitors, with particular emphasis on their biotechnological and agricultural applications. Recent advances in coordination chemistry have demonstrated that copper-based compounds exhibit remarkable inhibitory effects against urease enzymes, offering superior performance compared to traditional inhibitors. The study synthesizes current research findings on copper coordination polymers and their inhibitory mechanisms, highlighting their effectiveness in nitrogen management systems. These complexes demonstrate exceptional stability and selectivity, making them promising candidates for sustainable fertilizer technologies. The research encompasses various copper coordination architectures, including dinuclear and two-dimensional coordination polymers, which have shown significant inhibitory activities. Furthermore, the integration of auxiliary ligands in copper complexes enhances their inhibitory potential while maintaining environmental compatibility. The applications extend beyond agriculture to include biosensor development and environmental monitoring systems. The review also addresses the molecular mechanisms underlying urease inhibition by copper complexes, providing insights into structure-activity relationships. These findings contribute to the development of next-generation fertilizer technologies that can reduce nitrogen losses and improve crop yield efficiency. The research demonstrates that copper coordination complexes represent a promising frontier in sustainable agricultural practices and biotechnological applications.