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Der öffentliche digitale Euro im historischen Kontext

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  • Elsa Egerer

Abstract

Die historische Betrachtung zeigt, dass Geld wiederkehrend tiefgreifende Prozesse des Wandels durchläuft. Damals wie heute berühren dabei vermeintlich technische Veränderungen gesellschaftlich kritische Fragen von Zentralität bzw. Dezentralität und privater und öffentlicher Macht.Gegenwärtig werden weltweit neue, öffentliche digitale Geldformen (CBDCs) geschaffen oder deren Einführung diskutiert. Im Euroraum scheint klar: Von der Einführung des öffentlichen digitalen Euros kann ausgegangen werden.Der folgende Beitrag stellt den digitalen Euro in den historischen Kontext und deutet ihn als Reaktion zur Sicherung öffentlicher Souveränität, die im Zuge der Digitalisierung von Geld unter Druck gerät. So wird argumentiert, dass die monetäre Digitalisierung mit einem schleichenden Privatisierungstrend einhergeht, dem die Einführung einer öffentlichen digitalen Geldart und Zahlungsinfrastruktur entgegenwirkt. Jedoch scheint dieser Trend nicht ausreichend als Erklärung für die europäischen Bestrebungen zur Einführung eines digitalen Euro, da auch standort- und geopolitische Gründe im Vordergrund stehen.Der Beitrag wirft zudem einen Blick auf die Potenziale der Einführung des digitalen Euros, basierend auf der gegenwärtig diskutierten Architektur, sowie hinsichtlich CBDCs im Allgemeinen. CBDCs könnten einen Wendepunkt darstellen, die öffentliche Säule im Geldsystem zu stärken. Obwohl der digitale Euro durchaus als Systemwechsel zu bewerten ist, ist er jedoch durch eine starke Einhegung der Wirkungen charakterisiert.Vor dem Hintergrund der historischen Nutzung des Geld- und Finanzsystems als Vehikel für breitere politische Ziele fragt der Beitrag abschließend nach den Potenzialen von CBDCs für eine sozial-ökologische Transformation. Die größten Potenziale könnten hier in einer möglichen Stärkung der Repolitisierung von Geld im Zuge der Einführung des digitalen Euro bestehen. Trans-Abstract: A historical perspective shows that money repeatedly undergoes profound processes of transformation. Both then and now, seemingly technical changes touch on socially critical questions of centralization versus decentralization, and private versus public power.At present, new public digital forms of money (central bank digital cash) are being created or their introduction is being discussed worldwide. In the eurozone, the introduction of a public digital euro is to be expected.The following article looks at the digital euro from a historical perspective and interprets it as a response to safeguard public sovereignty. It is argued that monetary digitization is accompanied by a trend toward privatization, against which the introduction of a public digital form of money and payment infrastructure serves as a counterbalance. However, this trend alone does not seem sufficient to explain the European efforts to introduce a digital euro, as location and geopolitical reasons are also at the forefront.The article finally examines the future potential of introducing the digital euro, based on the currently debated architecture, as well as in relation to CBDCs in general. CBDCs may represent a turning point in strengthening the public pillar of the monetary system. Although the digital euro can be seen as a systemic shift, it is nonetheless characterized by a regulative containment of its effects, i. e. keeping the status quo of private bank power.Against the backdrop of the historical use of the monetary and financial system as a vehicle for broader political goals, the article concludes by exploring the potential of ­CBDCs for a socio-ecological transformation. The greatest impact of the digital euro may lie in its potential to contribute to the repoliticization of money.

Suggested Citation

  • Elsa Egerer, 2024. "Der öffentliche digitale Euro im historischen Kontext," Vierteljahreshefte zur Arbeits- und Wirtschaftsforschung, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 1(3), pages 377-402.
  • Handle: RePEc:dah:aeqvaw:v1_y2024_i3_q3_p377-402
    DOI: 10.3790/vaw.1.3.377
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    Keywords

    B52; E42; E58; G28; N24; P10;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B52 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Current Heterodox Approaches - - - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Modern Monetary Theory;
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • N24 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Europe: 1913-
    • P10 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - General

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