Effect of Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning (MEAL) Practices on Project Performance of the Integrated Housing Projects in Laikipia County, Kenya

This study examined the effect of Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning (MEAL) practices on the performance of the Integrated Housing Project implemented by Habitat for Humanity Kenya (HFHK) in Laikipia County, Kenya. A descriptive case study design was adopted, targeting 128 respondents comprising HFHK project staff, community beneficiaries, and local government representatives. Structured questionnaires were administered and data analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26. Both descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation and simple linear regression analysis, were employed alongside diagnostic tests for normality, multicollinearity, linearity, and homoscedasticity. MEAL practices had a positive and statistically significant effect on project performance, with accountability mechanisms, continuous learning, monitoring systems, and evaluation feedback contributing to improved project outcomes. Descriptive analysis confirmed that MEAL practices were actively implemented, though perceptions varied across respondent categories. The regression model was statistically significant, indicating that MEAL practices contribute meaningfully to project effectiveness, accountability, timeliness, and beneficiary satisfaction. Development organizations should strengthen integrated MEAL frameworks across all project phases to enhance transparency, evidence-based decision-making, and sustainable project performance. This study contributes localized empirical evidence on the role of MEAL practices in NGO-led integrated housing projects in rural Kenya, an underexplored context in project management literature.