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Analysis of global trends in reference frameworks associated with artificial intelligence

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  • Loaiza Solano, Lawrence Rodrigo
  • Moya Rojas, Luis Diego
  • López Luna, Sebastián Alejandro

Abstract

This article analyzed global trends in AI reference and regulatory frameworks in the EU, the United States, and China based on an integrative literature review (2020–2025). It identified convergences in values such as transparency, fairness, and accountability, but major divergences in implementation. The EU advanced a binding, risk-based model; the U.S. maintained voluntary guidelines that prioritize innovation; and China adopted a centralized approach centered on security and content control. Cases like Clearview AI and Apple Card illustrated risks of bias and data misuse, reinforcing the need for stronger governance. The study concluded that limited global harmonization hinders interoperability and called for minimum standards, multilateral oversight, and clearer guidance for generative AI.

Suggested Citation

  • Loaiza Solano, Lawrence Rodrigo & Moya Rojas, Luis Diego & López Luna, Sebastián Alejandro, 2025. "Analysis of global trends in reference frameworks associated with artificial intelligence," SAP Social AI, South American Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:cwf:saiart:sai202551
    DOI: 10.62486/sai202551
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