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Modelos de aprendizaje automático para la predicción de la fuerza de prensión y pinza a partir de antropometría de mano en poblaciones trabajadoras

Author

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  • Ron, Misael
  • escalona, Evelin

Abstract

En ergonomía ocupacional, la fuerza de prensión manual y la de pinza son indicadores funcionales de primer orden ya que sirven para diseñar herramientas, evaluar la aptitud al puesto y vigilar los trastornos musculoesqueléticos de miembro superior. Durante años, para predecir estas variables desde la antropometría de mano se usaba como técnica la regresión lineal. El problema es conocido: las relaciones biomecánicas implicadas no son lineales, y esto limita la precisión del método. La última década trajo una alternativa, los modelos de aprendizaje automático, capaces de capturar esas no linealidades. Objetivo: Reunir la evidencia sobre el desempeño y las variables predictoras de estos modelos al estimar fuerza de prensión y pinza desde la antropometría de mano en poblaciones trabajadoras. Métodos: Revisión sistemática bajo la declaración PRISMA 2020. Se rastrearon documentos en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore y Google Scholar entre 2000 y 2025. Entraron estudios primarios con trabajadores adultos que aplicaran al menos un algoritmo y reportaran métricas. La calidad se evaluó con una adaptación de PROBAST. Resultados. Doce estudios, más de 9.000 participantes de Malasia, Taiwán, Turquía, Corea del Sur e Irán. El método principal fueron redes neuronales artificiales. Los R² fueron de 0,52 a 0,97, con ventaja sostenida del aprendizaje automático sobre la regresión. Las variables más estables: sexo, longitud y ancho de la mano, índice de forma y circunferencia de muñeca. Conclusiones. El aprendizaje automático mejora a la regresión clásica de forma modesta pero reproducible, con utilidad real para el diseño ergonómico y la vigilancia ocupacional. La heterogeneidad metodológica y la escasa validación externa todavía limitan trasladar los hallazgos entre poblaciones.

Suggested Citation

  • Ron, Misael & escalona, Evelin, 2026. "Modelos de aprendizaje automático para la predicción de la fuerza de prensión y pinza a partir de antropometría de mano en poblaciones trabajadoras," SAP Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Innovation, South American Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:cwf:evkart:evk2026378
    DOI: 10.62486/evk2026378
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Victor Ei-Wen Lo & Shu-Min Chao & Hsin-Hung Tu, 2020. "Normative Hand Strength of Healthcare Industry Workers in Central Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Jaejin Hwang & Jinwon Lee & Kyung-Sun Lee, 2021. "A deep learning-based method for grip strength prediction: Comparison of multilayer perceptron and polynomial regression approaches," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(2), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Victor Ei-Wen Lo & Yi-Chen Chiu & Hsin-Hung Tu & Chien-Wei Liu & Chi-Yuang Yu, 2019. "A Pilot Study of Five Types of Maximum Hand Strength among Manufacturing Industry Workers in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-21, November.
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