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Paradigma del QCA en ciencia política y su aplicación práctica

Author

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  • José Humberto Puente
  • Carlos Bolívar Sarmiento Chugcho

Abstract

El Análisis Comparativo Cualitativo (QCA) en ciencia política enfrenta un debate persistente sobre su adscripción paradigmática, generando aplicaciones inconsistentes que comprometen su validez. Este ensayo clarifica su enfoque paradigmático e implicaciones prácticas mediante revisión sistemática de 25 estudios empíricos (2019-2024), usando QCA como metódica para evaluar alineaciones con positivismo, pospositivismo, interpretativismo y teoría crítica. Los resultados revelan que el QCA es esencialmente postpositivistas, validando patrones contextuales mediante consistencia y cobertura (ej: Sun et al., 2023, con 0.89 de consistencia y 0.75 de cobertura). Solo el 28% de los estudios cumplió umbrales óptimos, mientras aplicaciones positivistas mostraron baja cobertura (0.40) y críticas omitieron variables de poder. La contribución principal es el primer modelo que usa QCA para evaluar adscripciones paradigmáticas, ofreciendo guías prácticas: para estudios de N pequeño, usar fsQCA con validación cruzada; en análisis de políticas, integrar métodos cualitativos; en investigaciones críticas, incluir condiciones de poder. Se concluye que el QCA alcanza su máximo potencial bajo el pospositivismo, con puentes limitados al interpretativismo, pero incompatibilidad estructural con la teoría crítica

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Handle: RePEc:cvp:reflex:v:2:y:2025:i:2:id:19
DOI: 10.69821/rer.v2i2.19
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