Coordination without consensus: interoperability as a foundation for polycentricity

This paper explores the concept of interoperability as a fundamental principle in polycentric governance systems, challenging the primacy of overarching rules in maintaining order and coordination. We argue that interoperability offers a more flexible and practical approach to managing complex, heterogeneous governance landscapes. Drawing on insights from institutional economics, network analysis, and Hayekian social theory, we develop a conceptual framework for understanding interoperability in polycentric systems. By prioritizing functional compatibility over consensus, interoperability enables even more diverse governance entities to cooperate effectively without requiring overarching rules or objectives. This reframing of polycentricity opens new avenues for designing adaptive, resilient governance frameworks capable of addressing the challenges of deep social heterogeneity and rapid change.