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Beyond Tocqueville, Myrdal, and Hartz: The Multiple Traditions in America

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  • Smith, Rogers M.

Abstract

Analysts of American politics since Tocqueville have seen the nation as a paradigmatic “liberal democratic” society, shaped most by the comparatively free and equal conditions and the Enlightenment ideals said to have prevailed at its founding. These accounts must be severely revised to recognize the inegalitarian ideologies and institutions of ascriptive hierarchy that defined the political status of racial and ethnic minorities and women through most of U.S. history. A study of the period 1870–1920 illustrates that American political culture is better understood as the often conflictual and contradictory product of multiple political traditions, than as the expression of hegemonic liberal or democratic political traditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Smith, Rogers M., 1993. "Beyond Tocqueville, Myrdal, and Hartz: The Multiple Traditions in America," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 87(3), pages 549-566, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:apsrev:v:87:y:1993:i:03:p:549-566_10
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    Cited by:

    1. Richard M. Coughlin & Charles Lockhart, 1998. "Grid-Group Theory and Political Ideology," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 10(1), pages 33-58, January.
    2. Zane Spindler & Xavier Vanssay & Vincent Hildebrand, 2008. "Using Economic Freedom Indexes as Policy Indicators: An Intercontinental Example," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 8(3), pages 195-214, September.
    3. Yonn Dierwechter, 2020. "New Urbanism as Urban Political Development: Racial Geographies of ‘Intercurrence’ across Greater Seattle," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(4), pages 417-428.
    4. Woller, Gary M., 1996. "Business ethics, society, and Adam Smith: Some observations on the liberal business ethos," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 311-332.
    5. Yonn Dierwechter, 2020. "New Urbanism as Urban Political Development: Racial Geographies of ‘Intercurrence’ across Greater Seattle," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(4), pages 417-428.
    6. Deborah Schildkraut, 2000. "American Identity and Public Opinion: How What it Means to be an American Influences Language Policy Preferences," Working Papers 48, Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs, Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies..
    7. James J. Fahey, 2021. "Building Populist Discourse: An Analysis of Populist Communication in American Presidential Elections, 1896–2016," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 102(4), pages 1268-1288, July.
    8. Daniel J. Galvin, 2020. "Let’s not conflate APD with political history, and other reflections on “Causal Inference and American Political Development”," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 185(3), pages 485-500, December.

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