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La motivación de los empleados: más allá de la “zanahoria y el garrote”

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  • Ana Munoz Restrepo
  • Marta Ramírez Valencia

Abstract

Este artículo obedece a tres objetivos principales. Primero, cuestiona el uso generalizado de recompensas tangibles (bonos, premios, obsequios, etc.) o castigos para motivar a los empleados y hace referencia a diversas investigaciones que demuestran cómo este tipo de incentivos no promueve una motivación intrínseca e incluso puede disminuir la motivación ya existente. Segundo, presenta la Teoría de la Auto-Determinación como un modelo alternativo para motivar a las personas en diversos ambientes. Este modelo define la motivación a partir del grado de voluntad o autonomía en los comportamientos humanos e identifica tres necesidades psicológicas básicas en los seres humanos: autonomía, competencia y vínculo. Diversos estudios empíricos demuestran cómo la satisfacción de estas necesidades se relaciona de manera directa con la motivación intrínseca y, por lo tanto, con una mayor satisfacción y productividad laboral. Tercero, propone tres estrategias que pueden ayudar a los líderes institucionales a satisfacer las necesidades psicológicas básicas planteadas por la Teoría de la Auto-Determinación. Motivating employees: Beyond the carrot-and-stick techniques This article responds to three main objectives: First, it challenges the widespread use of tangible rewards (bonuses, prizes, gifts) or punishments to motivate employees and makes reference to various studies which demonstrate that such incentives do not promote intrinsic motivation and may even decrease existing motivation. Second, it presents Self-determination Theory as an alternative model to motivate people in different environments. This model defines motivation in terms of volition or autonomy and identifies three basic psychological human needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Several empirical studies, reported in the article, demonstrate that the satisfaction of these needs are directly related to intrinsic motivation and, therefore, with greater job satisfaction and productivity. Finally, three motivational strategies are offered to help institutional leaders satisfy their employees’ basic psychological needs.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Munoz Restrepo & Marta Ramírez Valencia, 2014. "La motivación de los empleados: más allá de la “zanahoria y el garrote”," Revista Ad-Minister, Universidad EAFIT, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000475:011579
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    File URL: http://publicaciones.eafit.edu.co/index.php/administer/article/view/2312
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    teoría de la autodeterminación; autonomía; competencia; vínculo; motivación; recompensas y castigos; Self-determination theory; autonomy; competence; relatedness; motivation; rewards; punishment.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M10 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - General
    • M12 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - Personnel Management; Executives; Executive Compensation

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