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Minimum Wage, Unemployment Insurance, and Universal Basic Income in a Wealth Concentration Process: A Theoretical Approach

Author

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  • Ortiz Quevedo, Carlos Humberto

Abstract

Salario Mínimo, Seguro de Desempleo y Renta Básica Universal en un Proceso de Concentración de la Riqueza: Un Enfoque Teórico Resumen: Ortiz y Castillo (1921) construyeron un modelo económico multisectorial en el que la concentración de la propiedad del capital disminuye la capacidad de compra de la sociedad. Después de que se supera un umbral de concentración, el desempleo laboral aumenta debido a la carencia de demanda efectiva, la tasa salarial debe fijarse al mínimo, y la distribución del ingreso vira a favor del capital. Basado en ese enfoque, este artículo analiza dos políticas alternativas: un seguro de desempleo y una renta básica universal. El programa del seguro de desempleo es más justo que el resultado competitivo, pero no es eficiente, mientras que la renta básica universal es más justa y es eficiente. También se encuentra la tasa salarial mínima que minimiza la tasa de desempleo. Abstract: Ortiz and Castillo (2020) built a multisector economic model where concentration of capital ownership diminishes the society’s purchasing power. After a certain concentration threshold is overcome, labour unemployment rises due to the lack of effective demand, the wage rate must be set to the minimum, and the distribution of income shifts in favour of capital. Based on that approach, this paper analyses two alternative policies: an unemployment insurance and a universal basic income. The unemployment insurance program is fairer than the competitive outcome but not efficient, whilst the optimal universal basic income is fairer and efficient. A minimum wage rate that minimizes the unemployment rate is also found.

Suggested Citation

  • Ortiz Quevedo, Carlos Humberto, 2023. "Minimum Wage, Unemployment Insurance, and Universal Basic Income in a Wealth Concentration Process: A Theoretical Approach," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue No. 98, pages 7-37, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:020659
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    Keywords

    Preferencias no homotéticas y saciables; rendimientos crecientes; concentración de lapropiedad del capital; seguro de desempleo; renta básica universal;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D33 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Factor Income Distribution
    • D51 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Exchange and Production Economies
    • E25 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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