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Crisis económica e [in]estabilidad política: la política latinoamericana frente a la Gran Depresión de 1930

Author

Listed:
  • Curvale, Carolina
  • Pérez Arrobo, Gustavo

Abstract

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la ocurrencia de múltiples golpes de estado en los países de América Latina alrededor del ano 1930. Entre 1924 y 1935 hubo diecisiete golpes, los cuales comenzaron con Chile y Honduras, y fueron seguidos por otros países que experimentaron los primeros golpes militares en su historia. Debido a que la expansión económica de América Latina en esa época dependía principalmente de las exportaciones y, por lo tanto, era vulnerable a las crisis externas, la crisis económica mundial de la década de 1930 es sospechosa de haber tenido un impacto negativo en el desempeno económico de la región. Lo anterior pudo haber provocado que los malos resultados económicos hayan socavado la resistencia de las instituciones políticas. Pero también hubo procesos paralelos de incorporación política de trabajadores y campesinos en la región. Para probar estas hipótesis, se utilizaron modelos de regresión logísticos. Se encontró que variables económicas con rezagos y las variables de incorporación política explicarían la inestabilidad política que se suscitó en ese periodo de tiempo, mientras que las de movilización social lo harían en menor medida. Abstract: This article analyzes the occurrence of multiple coups d’état in Latin American countries around 1930. Between 1924 and 1935 there were seventeen coups which began with Chile and Honduras and were followed by others that experienced the first military coups in their history. Because Latin America’s economic expansion at that time was primarily dependent on exports and was therefore vulnerable to external shocks, the global economic crisis of the 1930s is suspected of having had a negative impact on the economic performance of the region. This may have caused poor economic performance to undermine the resistance of political institutions. But there were also parallel processes of political incorporation of workers and peasants in the region. To assess these hypotheses, we use logistic regression models. We found that economic variables with lags and the incorporation variables would contribute to account for the political instability that arose in that period, while the mobilization variables would do so to a lesser extent.

Suggested Citation

  • Curvale, Carolina & Pérez Arrobo, Gustavo, 2022. "Crisis económica e [in]estabilidad política: la política latinoamericana frente a la Gran Depresión de 1930," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue No. 97, pages 181-216, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:020494
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Crisis económica; Inestabilidad Política; Gran Depresión; Años treinta; América Latina;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • N16 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • N2 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions
    • N26 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • P26 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Property Rights

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