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La convergencia de las regiones chilenas, 1960-2009

Author

Listed:
  • Corvalán Quiroz, Alejandro
  • Pezo Villa, Danilo

Abstract

Resumen: En el presente artículo se analizan cincuenta anos de convergencia económica para las regiones de Chile, en un contexto de cambios políticos radicales asociados a profundas transformaciones económicas. Para el análisis de convergencia del PIB per cápita se consideraron los sub períodos 1960-1973, 1973-1989 y 1989-2009, mientras que para la variable productividad se consideraron los sub períodos 1976-1989 y 1989-2009. El análisis se llevó a cabo empleando las definiciones de convergencia β absoluta y σ usando corte transversal y datos panel. Las estimaciones de panel concluyen un proceso de convergencia β para todo el período 1960-2009 de 55 anos para reducir la mitad de la brecha. Sin embargo, para el análisis de convergencia σ muestra una reducción de la dispersión en los cincuenta anos, pero desacelerándose a partir de 1990. Adicionalmente, fueron estimadas las funciones de distribución de las variables PIB y productividad anuales usando kernels, evidenciándose una persistente desigualdad regional, especialmente desde 1985 en adelante, al observarse la formación del fenómeno de la bimodalidad, es decir, emerge una brecha entre ciertas regiones con mayores niveles de renta y otras con menores niveles. Los antecedentes cuantificados nos indican un lento ajuste a los cambios de las economías regionales y una escasa efectividad del mercado a la hora de solucionar las disparidades regionales. En consecuencia, la convergencia de las regiones chilenas es una asignatura pendiente en las políticas públicas de Chile.Abstract: In this paper we analyze fifty years of economic convergence for the regions of Chile, in a context of radical political changes associated with deep economic transformations. For the analysis of convergence of GDP per capita, the sub-periods 1960-1973, 1973-1989 and 1989-2009 were considered, while the sub-periods 1976-1989 and 1989-2009 were considered for the variable productivity. The analysis was carried out using the definitions of absolute β convergence and σ convergence, and using cross-section and panel data. The panel estimates suggest a process of β convergence for the entire period 1960-2009, 55years to reduce half of the gap. However, the σ-convergence analysis shows a reduction of dispersion in the fifty years, with a decelerating tendency since 1990. In addition, the distributions of annual productivity and GDP were estimated using kernel functions. These distributions show persistent regional inequality, especially since 1985 when the phenomenon of bimodality (i.e., a gap between certain regions with higher income levels and those with lower levels) emerges. These results indicate slow adjustment to changes in regional economies and low market effectiveness in solving regional disparities. As a consequence, theconvergence of Chilean regions is an unresolved issue in public policy in Chile.

Suggested Citation

  • Corvalán Quiroz, Alejandro & Pezo Villa, Danilo, 2012. "La convergencia de las regiones chilenas, 1960-2009," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:010151
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Crecimiento económico; convergencia; PIB per cápita; productividad; desigualdad;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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