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Sweden’s School Reforms to Postpone First Grade to Middle School: A Model?

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  • Truc Nguyen
  • Lukas Mergele
  • Larissa Zierow

Abstract

In the educational production process of the school system, report cards provide a crucial performance feedback for students. Sweden was a pioneer in abolishing numerical grades from report cards in elementary school, as grades were considered harmful for students’ motivation to learn. In this article, we outline the Swedish reforms and summarize the existing evidence on the consequences of early grading. Overall, this evidence points towards mixed effects on student achievement and educational inequalities.

Suggested Citation

  • Truc Nguyen & Lukas Mergele & Larissa Zierow, 2020. "Sweden’s School Reforms to Postpone First Grade to Middle School: A Model?," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 21(04), pages 33-36, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifofor:v:21:y:2020:i:04:p:33-36
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    File URL: https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/CESifo-forum-2020-4-nguyen-mergele-zierow-Sweden%E2%80%99s-School-Reforms-to-Postpone-First-Grade-to-Middle-School-A-Model-november.pdf
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