Peculiarities of storage of fluorine in soil and plants in the zone of the influence of technogenesis

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the accumulation of fluorine in soil and plants in the zone of influence of technogenesis. The topicality of the study of fluorine in the soil is due to the properties of this element negatively to affect on human health through the trophic chains. The purpose of the research was to determine the technogenic sources of fluorine intake in the agricultural area of the Donetsk region and to study the factors affecting the ways and levels of fluoride accumulation in soil and plants. The methodological basis of the study consists of the following methods: field, laboratory, measuring, calculation and comparison, graphical data display. Along with the well-known methods used some special: analysis and synthesis. The studies were conducted using certified and standardized in Ukraine methodologies and methodological approaches. Analytical measurements of fluoride content were carried out in straw, grain and soil samples, which were taken from the arable layer at the same time as the plant samples. Selection of soil and plant samples was carried out from the arable layer in accordance with the current requirements and recommendations. Statistical processing of the results was carried out in accordance with the «Methodology of field experience» B.A. Dospehova. Based on the analysis of statistical data on emissions from industrial enterprises, it is determined that technogenic sources of fluorine pollution of agrolandscapes of Donetsk region are metallurgy and power engineering. These enterprises supply around 200 tons of fluorine per year to the environment. At a distance of up to 5 km, the concentration of water-soluble form of fluorine in the soil exceeds the MPC (10 mg/kg) by 1,5 to 3 times. When removed, the content of soluble forms is reduced. Outside the technogenic impact (10–15 km), the concentration of water-soluble form of fluorine in the soil practically does not exceed the MPC. It is established that the greatest amount of fluorine is contained in the vegetative mass and least of all in the grain. High sensitivity to fluorine was observed in barley and corn, for which the fluorine content exceeded the recommended standard by 2-2,5 times. Winter wheat and sunflower were less sensitive to fluorine. The content of the element in the grain of these crops did not exceed the norm or was on the verge. There was no excess of the normative content of fluorine (15 mg/ kg) in the by-products of agricultural crops that were studied.