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The determinants of elderly migration in France

Author

Listed:
  • Alexandra Schaffar
  • Michel Dimou
  • El Mouhoub Mouhoud

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to study elderly migration in France. First, it analyses whether the decision to migrate relies upon individual characteristics. Second, it examines the ways in which the economic, social and environmental characteristics of the French territories determine the retirees' choice of localization. The paper draws upon a unique database of 12.67 million French inhabitants, with information about their personal attributes and locational choices from 2003 to 2008. It also uses an original database with locational characteristics for the French territories at the level of the 364 zones d'emploi. This is the only study on regional migration in France which builds upon such a thin spatial level of analysis. The paper builds empirical probit and Heckman models dealing with selection bias and endogeneity bias issues. The paper shows that retirees usually leave large agglomerations and old industrial areas in Northern France and the Paris agglomeration and relocate to socially and environmentally attractive zones with preferable climates. When studying the migration patterns within the zones d'emploi, it appears that the most vulnerable zones, which display a lower quality of collective services as well as higher income disparities and crime rates, feature lower elderly residential mobility. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la migración de las personas mayores en Francia. En primer lugar, se analiza si la decisión de migrar se basa en características individuales. En segundo lugar, se examinan las formas en que las características económicas, sociales y medioambientales de los territorios franceses determinan la elección de la localización por parte de las personas jubiladas. El artículo hace uso de una base de datos única de 12,67 millones de habitantes franceses, con información sobre sus atributos personales y sus elecciones de ubicación entre 2003 y 2008. También utiliza una base de datos original con las características de la ubicación de los territorios franceses a nivel de las 364 zonas de empleo. Este es el único estudio sobre la migración regional en Francia que se basa en un nivel de análisis espacial tan reducido. El artículo desarrolla modelos empíricos probit y de Heckman que abordan el sesgo de selección y los problemas de sesgo por endogeneidad. El artículo muestra que las personas jubiladas suelen dejar las grandes aglomeraciones y las antiguas zonas industriales en el norte de Francia y la aglomeración de París y se trasladan a zonas tanto social como ambientalmente atractivas y con climas benignos. Al estudiar los patrones de migración dentro de las zonas de empleo, parece ser que las zonas más vulnerables, que presentan una menor calidad de servicios colectivos, así como mayores disparidades de ingresos y tasas de delincuencia, presentan una menor movilidad residencial de las personas mayores. 本稿の目的はフランスにおける高齢者の移住を研究することである。はじめに、移住の決定が個人の特性に依存するか否かを分析する。次に、フランス領土各地の経済、社会、環境の特性が、退職者の選択の一極集中をどのように決定するかを検討する。2003年~2008年の個人属性や居住地の選択に関する情報を含む12,670,000人のフランスの居住者のユニークなデータベースを利用する。 364 の雇用ゾーン (zones d'emploi)のレベルでのフランス領土各地の立地特性を収めたオリジナルのデータベースも利用する。これほどに詳細な空間レベルでの分析を基にフランスにおける移住を調査した研究はこれが唯一のものである。また、選択バイアスと内生的バイアスの問題に対処する実証的プロビット関数モデルとヘックマンモデルを作成する。退職者は、フランス北部の大きな集積地や古い産業地帯、パリの集積地を離れて、気候が好ましく、社会的および環境的に魅力がある地域に移住することが多い。雇用ゾーン内の移住パターンを調査したところ、公共サービス (collective services)の質が低く、所得格差が大きく、犯罪率が高い最も脆弱なゾーンでは高齢者の移住の動きは少ないようである。

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandra Schaffar & Michel Dimou & El Mouhoub Mouhoud, 2019. "The determinants of elderly migration in France," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 98(2), pages 951-972, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:98:y:2019:i:2:p:951-972
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12374
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    Cited by:

    1. David M. Brasington, 2024. "Population growth in growing and declining cities: the role of balanced-budget increases in local government spending," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 73(3), pages 873-895, October.
    2. Brice BAROIS, 2020. "Le rôle attractif des industries créatives et culturelles dans la localisation des jeunes en France," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 51, pages 45-64.
    3. Gabriel Rodríguez-Puello & Leonidas Hernandez & Diana Romero-Espinosa & Francisco Rowe, 2025. "The Disruptive Long-Term Costs of International Migration on Subjective Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 26(6), pages 1-29, August.
    4. Alexandra SCHAFFAR, 2020. "Introduction - Les questions soulevées en économie des migrations," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 51, pages 5-16.
    5. Asmae AQZZOUZ & Nathalie PICARD, 2024. "Residential Mobility And Life Cycle: Examination Of The Influence Of Local Taxes," Working Papers of BETA 2024-12, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    6. Michel Dimou & Samuel Ettouati & Alexandra Schaffar, 2020. "From dusk till dawn: the residential mobility and location preferences of immigrants in France," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 65(2), pages 253-280, October.
    7. Vasim Ahamad & Ram B. Bhagat, 2025. "Measuring migration of older persons in India: pattern, characteristics, and determinants," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 42(4), pages 1-21, December.
    8. Asmae AQZZOUZ & Nathalie PICARD, 2023. "Residential Mobility And Life Cycle: Identifying The Role Of Local Taxes," Working Papers of BETA 2023-43, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    9. repec:osf:osfxxx:ydbxu_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Yi Liu & Hanyue Wang & Jie Yang & Dingde Xu, 2024. "The Impact of Long-Term Security on the Return of Rural Labor Force: Evidence from Rural China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, October.
    11. Paula Prenzel, 2021. "Are old regions less attractive? Interregional labour migration in a context of population ageing," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(6), pages 1429-1447, December.
    12. Mihaela ZAMFIR & Ileana CIOBANU & Andreea Georgiana MARIN & Mihai-Viorel ZAMFIR, 2024. "Innovative concepts of age-friendly residential architectureas a support for ageing in place and in community-from Western models of best practices to solutions for the Romanian space," Smart Cities International Conference (SCIC) Proceedings, Smart-EDU Hub, Faculty of Public Administration, National University of Political Studies & Public Administration, vol. 12, pages 335-352, september.

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