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The Built‐in Flexibility of Income and Consumption Taxes

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  • John Creedy
  • Norman Gemmell

Abstract

This paper reviews, and synthesises within a uniform framework, a number of analytical results on the built‐in flexibility of taxation. Established results for income taxes are reviewed and integrated with recent results for consumption taxes. These help to provide a better understanding of the determinants of the revenue responsiveness properties of different taxes. They also provide convenient expressions for the calculation of tax revenue elasticities in practice. It is shown that the magnitude of revenue elasticities can be expected to differ substantially for alternative taxes, for different forms of the same tax, and for the same tax over time as incomes change relative to tax thresholds and as consumption patterns change. These results are especially relevant for the many industrialised countries which have undertaken major fiscal reforms in recent years with, often unintended, consequences for revenue elasticities.

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  • John Creedy & Norman Gemmell, 2002. "The Built‐in Flexibility of Income and Consumption Taxes," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(4), pages 509-532, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jecsur:v:16:y:2002:i:4:p:509-532
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-6419.00176
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    Cited by:

    1. Creedy, John & Gemmell, Norman, 2012. "Revenue-Maximising Elasticities of Taxable Income in Multi-Rate Income Tax Structures," Working Paper Series 18713, Victoria University of Wellington, Chair in Public Finance.
    2. Acheson, Jean & Lawless, Martina & Lawlor, Donough & Tarrant, Oisín & Weymes, Laura, 2021. "Responsiveness of corporation tax revenues to taxable income: A firm-level approach," Papers WP715, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    3. John Creedy & José Félix Sanz?Sanz, 2010. "Modelling Personal Income Taxation in Spain:Revenue Elasticities and Regional Comparisons," Department of Economics - Working Papers Series 1097, The University of Melbourne.
    4. Shanshan Liu & Feng Deng & Baosheng Yuan, 2023. "How Does Public Capital Affect Enterprise Technological Innovation Based on Empirical Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, May.
    5. John Creedy & Norman Gemmell, 2013. "Measuring revenue responses to tax rate changes in multi-rate income tax systems: behavioural and structural factors," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 20(6), pages 974-991, December.
    6. Creedy, John & Gemmell, Norman, 2008. "Corporation tax buoyancy and revenue elasticity in the UK," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 24-37, January.
    7. Creedy, John & Gemmell, Norman, 2014. "Measuring Revenue-Maximising Elasticities of Taxable Income: Evidence for the US Income Tax," Working Paper Series 18803, Victoria University of Wellington, Chair in Public Finance.
    8. John Creedy & Norman Gemmell, 2002. "Income Tax Revenue Elasticities with Endogenous Labour Supply," Treasury Working Paper Series 02/22, New Zealand Treasury.
    9. Ankie Scott-Joseph, 2022. "Debt financing and fiscal illusion: evidence from Caribbean states," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(9), pages 1-25, September.

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