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The Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Global Soybean Markets and China's Imports

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  • Xinran Hu
  • Yumei Zhang
  • Shenggen Fan
  • Kevin Z. Chen
  • Qi Wu

Abstract

China imports 65% of the globally traded soybeans to meet the demand for vegetable oil and animal feed, accounting for about 85% of the country's total consumption. Extreme weather events (EWEs) significantly disrupt the global soybean market, with impacts transmitted to China. Using Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA) and a global agricultural partial equilibrium model, this research examines the effects of EWEs on global soybean production, trade, and China's soybean‐related sectors. The findings indicate that single‐country EWEs have modest impacts, but simultaneous EWEs in multiple countries lead to global soybean production declines of 8.8%–17.1%, resulting in world price increases of 9.5%–33.2% and a decrease in China's imports by 1.5%–20.7%. Soybean oil and meal prices in China would increase by 0.8%–16.7%, and meat prices would rise by 0.1%–3.9%. Consequently, consumer spending on soybeans and meat may increase by 10.7–174.1 billion yuan. China's soybean stocks play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of EWEs. Releasing stocks can limit soybean price hikes by up to 8.3% and meat price hikes by up to 1%, potentially lowering consumer spending on soybeans and meat by up to 37.4 billion yuan. Several measures are proposed to mitigate the impacts of EWEs and enhance resilience, including international cooperation for stabilising production, improving domestic stock and demand management, and building production capacity.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinran Hu & Yumei Zhang & Shenggen Fan & Kevin Z. Chen & Qi Wu, 2025. "The Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Global Soybean Markets and China's Imports," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 76(2), pages 251-267, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jageco:v:76:y:2025:i:2:p:251-267
    DOI: 10.1111/1477-9552.12632
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Travis J. Lybbert & Aaron Smith & Daniel A. Sumner, 2014. "Weather Shocks And Inter-Hemispheric Supply Responses: Implications For Climate Change Effects On Global Food Markets," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 5(04), pages 1-11.
    2. Marcel Adenäuer & Clara Frezal & Thomas Chatzopoulos, 2023. "Mitigating the impact of extreme weather events on agricultural markets through trade," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers 198, OECD Publishing.
    3. Sherman Robinson & Andrea Cattaneo & Moataz El-Said, 2001. "Updating and Estimating a Social Accounting Matrix Using Cross Entropy Methods," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 47-64.
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