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A Bayesian Model for Estimating Census Undercount, Taking Emigration Data from Foreign Censuses

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  • Philip Redfern

Abstract

The new method of measuring net undercount in a census of population is a variant of demographic analysis and is founded in the belief that the most reliable counts of people are the counts of births and deaths. It has been applied to the 1991 census of England and Wales (E&W). The method has two distinctive features. The first is that it bases its estimates of numbers of emigrants on figures of persons born here and recorded as residents in the 1990–91 censuses of other countries. The corresponding data on immigrants are taken from our own census. The method does not therefore require the data on migratory flows that are an essential component of conventional demographic analysis. The second feature is the Bayesian approach in which (1) each of 30 uncertain elements in the calculations is given an a priori error distribution and (2) three empirical constraints are imposed on the sex‐age profile of percentage net undercount. This, in conjunction with a Monte Carlo process, generates an error distribution for net undercount. These merits of the method are offset by the demerit that the calculations must await results from the censuses of the other countries in which substantial numbers of our emigrants reside. Un modéle bayesien pour estimer le sous‐dénombrement dans le recensement en prenant les données sur les émigrés des recensements d' autres pays. La nouvelle méthode pour mesurer le sous‐énombrement net dans un recnsement est une variante de I' analyse démographique qui est fondée sur la notion que les dénombrements les plus fiables de personnes sont les dénombrements de maissances et de morts. On a appliqué cette méthode au recensement de I' Angleterre et du Pays de Galles de 1991. La méthode a deux particularités distinctives. La premiére est que ses estimations des nombres d' émigrés sont basées sur les chiffres pour les personnes nées isi et enregstrées comme domiciliées dans les recensements de 190–91 d' autres pays. Les données sur les flux migratioires qui sont un élément essential de I' analyse démogrphique conventionelle. La deixiyéme particularité est I' approche bayesienne oà (1) une distribution d' erreurs a priori est donnée à chacun de 30 ééments incertains dans les calculs, et (2) trois contraintes empiriques sont imposées sur le profile sexe âge du pourcentage de sous‐dénombrement net Conjointment avec un processus de Monte Carlo, ceci produit une distribution d' erreurs pour le sous‐dénombrement net. Cesmérites de la méthode sont contrebalancés par le désavantage que les calculs doivent attendre des résultats des recensements des autres pays dans lesquels un grand nombre de nos émigrés résident.

Suggested Citation

  • Philip Redfern, 2001. "A Bayesian Model for Estimating Census Undercount, Taking Emigration Data from Foreign Censuses," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 69(2), pages 277-301, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:istatr:v:69:y:2001:i:2:p:277-301
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-5823.2001.tb00459.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Philip Redfern, 2004. "An alternative view of the 2001 census and future census taking," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 167(2), pages 209-228, May.
    2. Len Cook, 2004. "Discussion on the meeting on 'The 2001 census and beyond'," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 167(2), pages 229-248.

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