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The Consequences of Substituting Sand with Used Copper Slag in Construction

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  • Harn Wei Kua

Abstract

Using waste copper slag (CS) as a replacement for sand in concrete mixture is becoming popular in Singapore and around the world. What are the consequences of this material substitution? Will this result in lower environmental impact? This work used attributional and consequential life cycle assessments to evaluate the net results of replacing sand with CS. Impacts were assessed with respect to embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions (global warming potential; GWP). It was found that embodied energy and GWP of using a combination of 0.13 kilograms (kg) of CS and 0.9 kg of sand are higher than those of 1 kg of sand. If CS replaces sand and the leftover sand replaces crushed rock sand, the net embodied energy and GWP may also increase. Landfilling the waste CS is similar to recycling it as a building material, in terms of embodied energy incurred and GWPs. Finally, four lessons from these findings were used to suggest a few integrated sustainable resource management policies for the building material and shipping industries.

Suggested Citation

  • Harn Wei Kua, 2013. "The Consequences of Substituting Sand with Used Copper Slag in Construction," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 17(6), pages 869-879, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:inecol:v:17:y:2013:i:6:p:869-879
    DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12059
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    Cited by:

    1. Anna Furberg & Rickard Arvidsson & Sverker Molander, 2022. "A practice‐based framework for defining functional units in comparative life cycle assessments of materials," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(3), pages 718-730, June.
    2. Christian Dierks & Tabea Hagedorn & Alessio Campitelli & Winfried Bulach & Vanessa Zeller, 2021. "Are LCA Studies on Bulk Mineral Waste Management Suitable for Decision Support? A Critical Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-27, April.
    3. Dissanayake, Pavani Dulanja & You, Siming & Igalavithana, Avanthi Deshani & Xia, Yinfeng & Bhatnagar, Amit & Gupta, Souradeep & Kua, Harn Wei & Kim, Sumin & Kwon, Jung-Hwan & Tsang, Daniel C.W. & Ok, , 2020. "Biochar-based adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    4. Gokasar, Ilgin & Deveci, Muhammet & Kalan, Onur, 2022. "CO2 Emission based prioritization of bridge maintenance projects using neutrosophic fuzzy sets based decision making approach," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).

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