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Understanding Urban Inequality: A Model Based on Existing Theories and an Empirical Illustration

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  • Jack Burgers
  • Sako Musterd

Abstract

In the debate on urban inequality, Sassen’s theory on social polarization and Wilson’s theory on spatial mismatch have received much attention. Where Sassen highlights the decline of the middle classes, Wilson focuses on the upgrading of urban labour markets. In this article we argue that both theories may be valid, but that they have to be put in a more extended theoretical framework. Of central importance are national institutional arrangements, membership of different ethnic groups and networks, and place–specific characteristics rooted in local socio–economic histories. As a first empirical illustration of our model, we use data on the labour markets of Amsterdam and Rotterdam and show that different forms of inequality can be found both in economic sectors and within ethnic groups. The model we present could be used both to reinterébatpret existing data and as an analytical framework for the analysis of different forms of urban inequality. Dans le d& sur l’inégalitéurbaine, la théorie de la polarisation sociale de Sassen et celle de la disparité spatiale de Wilson ont retenu l’attention. Alors que Sassen souligne le déclin des classes moyennes, Wilson s’attache à la revalorisation des marchés du travail urbains. Cet article soutient que, si ces deux théories sont admissibles, elles doivent étre placées dans un cadre théorique plus large. En effet, sont essentielles les dispositions institutionnelles nationales, l’adhésion de différents réseaux et groupes ethniques, et les spécificités du lieu enracinées dans les histoires socio–économiques locales. Comme première illustration empirique de notre modèle, nous utilisons des données relatives aux marchés du travail d’Amsterdam et de Rotterdam pour montrer qu’il y existe différentes formes d’inégalitéà la fois dans les secteurs économiques et les groupes ethniques. Le modèle présenté pourrait servir à réinterpréter les données existantes et fournir un cadre à l’analyse des diverses formes d’inégalité urbaine.

Suggested Citation

  • Jack Burgers & Sako Musterd, 2002. "Understanding Urban Inequality: A Model Based on Existing Theories and an Empirical Illustration," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 403-413, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:26:y:2002:i:2:p:403-413
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00387
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    Cited by:

    1. Martin Gornig & Jan Goebel, 2014. "Deindustrialization and Tertiarization and the Polarization of Household Incomes: The Example of German Agglomerations," ERSA conference papers ersa14p1172, European Regional Science Association.
    2. Neumann, Uwe, 2013. "Are My Neighbours Ageing Yet? Local Dimensions of Demographic Change in German Cities," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 6(3), pages 189-209.
    3. Jeroen van der Waal & Jack Burgers, 2009. "Unravelling the Global City Debate on Social Inequality: A Firm-level Analysis of Wage Inequality in Amsterdam and Rotterdam," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(13), pages 2715-2729, December.
    4. Thea Dukes & Sako Musterd, 2012. "Towards Social Cohesion: Bridging National Integration Rhetoric and Local Practice: The Case of the Netherlands," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(9), pages 1981-1997, July.
    5. Jeroen van der Waal, 2013. "Cultural Amenities and Unemployment in Dutch Cities: Disentangling a Consumerist and Productivist Explanation for Less-educated Urbanites’ Varying Unemployment Levels across Urban Economies," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(14), pages 2869-2885, November.
    6. Gornig, Martin & Goebel, Jan, 2018. "Deindustrialisation and the polarisation of household incomes: The example of urban agglomerations in Germany," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 55(4), pages 790-806.
    7. Lindsay Blair Howe, 2021. "Thinking through people: The potential of volunteered geographic information for mobility and urban studies," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(14), pages 3009-3028, November.
    8. Umut Türk & John Östh, 2023. "Introducing a spatially explicit Gini measure for spatial segregation," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 469-488, October.
    9. Costanzo Ranci, 2011. "Competitiveness and Social Cohesion in Western European Cities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 48(13), pages 2789-2804, October.
    10. repec:zbw:rwirep:0319 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Andreas Novy & Daniela Coimbra Swiatek & Frank Moulaert, 2012. "Social Cohesion: A Conceptual and Political Elucidation," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(9), pages 1873-1889, July.
    12. Charlotta Hedberg & Tiit Tammaru, 2013. "‘Neighbourhood Effects’ and ‘City Effects’: The Entry of Newly Arrived Immigrants into the Labour Market," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(6), pages 1165-1182, May.
    13. Musterd, Sako & Marci?czak, Szymon & van Ham, Maarten & Tammaru, Tiit, 2015. "Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities: Increasing Separation between Poor and Rich," IZA Discussion Papers 9603, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Jie Shen & Yang Xiao, 2020. "Emerging divided cities in China: Socioeconomic segregation in Shanghai, 2000–2010," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(6), pages 1338-1356, May.
    15. Massimiliano Crisci & Michele Santurro, 2023. "Micro-Segregation of Ethnic Minorities in Rome: Highlighting Specificities of National Groups in Micro-Segregated Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-24, October.
    16. Stephen W. K. Chiu & Tai-lok Lui, 2004. "Testing the Global City-Social Polarisation Thesis: Hong Kong since the 1990s," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 41(10), pages 1863-1888, September.
    17. Jeroen van der Waal & Jack Burgers, 2011. "Post-Industrialisation, Job Opportunities and Ethnocentrism," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 48(4), pages 681-697, March.
    18. Sako Musterd, 2006. "Segregation, Urban Space and the Resurgent City," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(8), pages 1325-1340, July.
    19. Zwiers, Merle & Kleinhans, Reinout & van Ham, Maarten, 2015. "Divided Cities: Increasing Socio-Spatial Polarization within Large Cities in the Netherlands," IZA Discussion Papers 8882, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    20. Montserrat Pareja‐Eastaway, 2009. "The Effects Of The Spanish Housing System On The Settlement Patterns Of Immigrants," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 100(4), pages 519-534, September.
    21. Uwe Neumann, 2012. "Are My Neighbours Ageing Yet? Local Dimensions of Demographic Change in German Cities," Ruhr Economic Papers 0319, Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universität Dortmund, Universität Duisburg-Essen.
    22. Sako Musterd & Wouter PC van Gent & Marjolijn Das & Jan Latten, 2016. "Adaptive behaviour in urban space: Residential mobility in response to social distance," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(2), pages 227-246, February.
    23. Szymon Marcińczak & Michael Gentile, 2023. "A Window Into the European City: Exploring Socioeconomic Residential Segregation in Urban Poland," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 114(3), pages 252-266, July.

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