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The Green Revolution, agrarian productivity and labor

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  • Raju J. Das

Abstract

The use of Green Revolution inputs has been responsible for higher levels of agrarian productivity in India. This is both because of the biological structure of high‐yield varieties of seeds themselves and because of the structure of the agrarian political economy in the country. But the question is: have the laborers benefited from the rise in productivity made possible by the use of these inputs? I have shown, both conceptually and empirically, that laborers do gain from higher productivity, but not uniformly over space. They gain more where they are more organized. This means that the relation between productivity and wages is, in part, a political relation, and the strength of this relation is characterized by ‘spatial inconstancy’. I have also discussed how the Green Revolution has tended to undermine the relations of personal dependence between the landed and the laborers, and this seems to have helped labor organization to some extent. Labor organization is also affected by the structure of land/asset distribution. In particular, whether or not laborers possess some land/asset makes a difference to the effectiveness of laborers’ bargaining power with landowners over wages, and therefore, to the actual level of wages being paid. L’utilisation des données introduites par la révolution écologiste est responsable des niveaux de production agraire plus élevés en Inde. Ceci est dûà la structure biologique des variétés de grains à haut rendement et à la structure de l’économie politique agrarienne du pays. Mais la question se pose: les travailleurs ont‐ils bénéficié de l’augmentation de la productivité rendue possible gr^acirc;ce à l’utilisation de ces données? J’ai montré, théoriquement et empiriquement, que les travailleurs y gagnent si la production est plus élevée, mais pas d’une façon spatialement uniforme. Ils y gagnent plus si ils sont mieux organisés. Ceci signifie que la relation entre la productivité et les salaires est, en partie, une relation politique, et la force de cette relation est caractérisée par une ‘instabilité spatiale’. J’ai aussi expliqué comment la révolution écologique a tendance àébranler les relations de dépendance personnelle entre les propriétaires terriens et les travailleurs, et ceci semble avoir amélioré l’organisation du travail dans une certaine mesure. L’organisation du travail est aussi influencée par la structure de la distribution des terres et des biens. En particulier, la possession ou la non‐possession de terres ou de biens par les travailleurs altère l’efficacité de leur pouvoir de négociation avec les propriétaire terriens quant aux salaires et, conséquemment, altère le niveau réel des salaires.

Suggested Citation

  • Raju J. Das, 1998. "The Green Revolution, agrarian productivity and labor," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(1), pages 122-135, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:22:y:1998:i:1:p:122-135
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00127
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    Cited by:

    1. Prabhakar, S.V.R.K. & Elder, Mark, 2009. "Biofuels and resource use efficiency in developing Asia: Back to basics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 30-36, November.
    2. Christian Otchia, 2014. "Agricultural Modernization, Structural Change and Pro-poor Growth: Policy Options for the Democratic Republic of Congo," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 3(1), pages 1-43, December.

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