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Trade Winds of Change: Cumulative Effects of Bilateral Trade Agreements on the EU Agri‐food Sector

Author

Listed:
  • Emanuele Ferrari
  • Christian Elleby
  • Beyhan De Jong
  • Robert M'barek
  • Ignacio Pérez Dominguez

Abstract

As one of the world's largest players in global trade, the EU pursues an open, sustainable and assertive trade strategy. The recent conclusions and ongoing negotiations of 10 European Union Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Australia, Chile, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Mercosur bloc (comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay), Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines and Thailand are expected to diversify the EU's agri‐food trade and enhance the resilience of its food supply chain. This resilience hinges on diversifying import sources and market outlets, which can be achieved through a robust trade policy that ensures access to a sufficient supply of affordable food for citizens. A two‐step modelling approach was employed to assess ex‐ante the cumulative economic impact of these FTAs on food commodity trade, production, consumption and prices in 2032. The analysis reveals that both EU imports and exports increase in value in the simulated scenarios, with notable sectoral variations. On the one hand, exports of dairy products and pig meat exhibit significant growth. On the other hand, potential vulnerabilities of the EU beef, poultry meat, sugar and rice sectors are identified. The study also examines the impact of the United Kingdom's trade agenda on the EU agri‐food sector, quantifying the impact of the recent agreements between the UK, Australia and New Zealand, as well as the UK's future accession to the Trans‐Pacific Partnership agreement on the EU agri‐food sector. En tant que l'un des principaux acteurs du commerce mondial, l'Union européenne (UE) poursuit une stratégie commerciale ouverte, durable et affirmée. Les récentes conclusions et les négociations en cours de dix accords de libre‐échange (ALE) de l'Union européenne avec l'Australie, le Chili, l'Inde, l'Indonésie, la Malaisie, le bloc du Mercosur (comprenant l'Argentine, le Brésil, le Paraguay et l'Uruguay), le Mexique, la Nouvelle‐Zélande, les Philippines et la Thaïlande devraient diversifier le commerce agroalimentaire de l'UE et renforcer la résilience de sa chaîne d'approvisionnement alimentaire. Cette résilience dépend de la diversification des sources d'importation et des débouchés commerciaux, ce qui peut être réalisé grâce à une politique commerciale solide garantissant l'accès des citoyens à un approvisionnement suffisant en produits alimentaires abordables. Une approche de modélisation en deux étapes a été utilisée pour évaluer ex ante l'impact économique cumulé de ces ALE sur les échanges, la production, la consommation et les prix des produits alimentaires en 2032. L'analyse révèle que les importations et les exportations de l'UE augmentent en valeur dans les scénarios simulés, avec des variations sectorielles notables. D'une part, les exportations de produits laitiers et de viande porcine affichent une croissance significative. D'autre part, les vulnérabilités potentielles des secteurs européens de la viande bovine, de la viande de volaille, du sucre et du riz sont identifiées. L’étude examine également l'impact du programme commercial du Royaume‐Uni sur le secteur agroalimentaire de l'UE, en quantifiant l'impact des récents accords entre le Royaume‐Uni, l'Australie et la Nouvelle‐Zélande, ainsi que l'adhésion future du Royaume‐Uni à l'accord de partenariat transpacifique sur le secteur agroalimentaire de l'UE. Als einer der weltweit größten Akteure im globalen Handel verfolgt die EU eine offene, nachhaltige und durchsetzungsstarke Handelsstrategie. Die jüngsten Abschlüsse und laufenden Verhandlungen über zehn Freihandelsabkommen der Europäischen Union mit Australien, Chile, Indien, Indonesien, Malaysia, dem Mercosur‐Block (bestehend aus Argentinien, Brasilien, Paraguay und Uruguay), Mexiko, Neuseeland, den Philippinen und Thailand dürften den Agrar‐ und Lebensmittelhandel der EU diversifizieren und die Resilienz der Lebensmittelversorgung verbessern. Diese Resilienz hängt von der Diversifizierung der Einfuhrquellen und Absatzmärkte ab, was durch eine robuste Handelspolitik erreicht werden kann, die den Bürgerinnen und Bürgern Zugang zu einem ausreichenden Angebot an erschwinglichen Lebensmitteln sichert. Mit Hilfe eines zweistufigen Modellierungsansatzes wurden die kumulativen wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieser Freihandelsabkommen auf den Handel, die Produktion, den Verbrauch und die Preise von Lebensmitteln im Jahr 2032 ex ante bewertet. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sowohl die EU‐Importe als auch die Exporte in den simulierten Szenarien wertmäßig ansteigen, wobei es deutliche sektorale Unterschiede gibt. Einerseits weisen die Exporte von Milchprodukten und Schweinefleisch ein deutliches Wachstum auf. Andererseits werden potenzielle Schwachstellen in den EU‐Sektoren Rindfleisch, Geflügelfleisch, Zucker und Reis festgestellt. Die Studie untersucht außerdem die Auswirkungen der Handelsagenda des Vereinigten Königreichs auf den EU‐Agrar‐ und Ernährungssektor durch die Quantifizierung der Auswirkungen der jüngsten Abkommen zwischen dem Vereinigten Königreich, Australien und Neuseeland sowie des künftigen Beitritts des Vereinigten Königreichs zum Transpazifischen Partnerschaftsabkommen auf den EU‐Agrar‐ und Ernährungssektor.

Suggested Citation

  • Emanuele Ferrari & Christian Elleby & Beyhan De Jong & Robert M'barek & Ignacio Pérez Dominguez, 2025. "Trade Winds of Change: Cumulative Effects of Bilateral Trade Agreements on the EU Agri‐food Sector," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 24(2), pages 11-22, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:24:y:2025:i:2:p:11-22
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12467
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    References listed on IDEAS

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