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The Problem is not Covid‐19, it's the Model! Industrial Agriculture and Migrant Farm Labour in the EU

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  • Yoan Molinero‐Gerbeau

Abstract

The Covid‐19 crisis has shed light on two structural problems that affect a large part of the European model of industrial fruit and vegetable production, mainly in Spain and Italy: excessive dependence on foreign labour and the appalling social and working conditions of these migrant workers. Despite the current intense debates that have arisen on this topic, this is not a new issue but a chronic problem, which has characterised much of the agricultural production in the EU for over two decades. In order to understand how and why this point has been reached, a historical review of the evolution of the primary sector, mainly in southern Europe, and its link to migration, is carried out to ascertain whether the pandemic has aggravated the terrible consequences, mainly for migrant workers, of a socially unsustainable model. The aim is to lay the foundations for a debate on the direction in which European agriculture is heading, and which contributions, such as reforming the CAP and conditioning its funds to decent working conditions can be made towards building a fairer and more sustainable model over time. La crise de la Covid‐19 a mis en lumière deux problèmes structurels qui touchent une grande partie du modèle européen de production industrielle de fruits et légumes, principalement en Espagne et en Italie : la dépendance excessive à la main‐d'œuvre étrangère et les conditions sociales et de travail épouvantables de ces travailleurs migrants. Malgré les débats actuels intenses qui ont surgi sur ce sujet, il ne s'agit pas d'une question nouvelle mais d'un problème chronique, qui caractérise une grande partie de la production agricole dans l'Union européenne depuis plus de deux décennies. Afin de comprendre comment et pourquoi la situation en est arrivée à ce point, un bilan historique de l'évolution du secteur primaire, principalement dans le sud de l'Europe, et de son lien avec la migration, est réalisé pour vérifier si la pandémie a aggravé les terribles conséquences, principalement pour les travailleurs migrants, d'un modèle socialement insoutenable. L'objectif est de jeter les bases d'un débat sur la direction de l'agriculture européenne et sur les contributions, telles que la réforme de la Politique agricole commune et le conditionnement de ses financements à des conditions de travail décentes, susceptibles de permettre la construction un modèle plus juste et plus durable à l’avenir. Die Covid‐19‐Krise hat ein Schlaglicht auf zwei strukturelle Probleme geworfen. Sie betreffen einen großen Teil des europäischen Modells der industriellen Obst‐ und Gemüseproduktion, vor allem in Spanien und Italien: zum einen die zu große Abhängigkeit von ausländischen Arbeitskräften sowie die entsetzlichen sozialen Bedingungen und Arbeitsumstände dieser Wanderarbeitskräfte. Trotz der derzeit intensiv geführten Debatten zu diesem Thema handelt es sich nicht um ein neues, sondern um ein chronisches Problem, das einen Großteil der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion in der EU seit über zwei Jahrzehnten prägt. Um zu verstehen, wie und warum dieser Punkt erreicht wurde, haben wir einen historischen Rückblick zur Entwicklung des Primärsektors mit Fokus auf Südeuropa durchgeführt und dabei die Verbindung des Primärsektors zur Migration untersucht. Die Untersuchung gilt der Fragestellung, ob die Pandemie die schrecklichen Folgen eines sozial unhaltbaren Modells, vor allem für Wanderarbeitskräfte, verschärft hat. Ziel ist es, den Grundstein für eine Diskussion über die Richtung zu legen, in die sich die europäische Landwirtschaft entwickelt. Dabei soll es darum gehen, welche Beiträge geleistet werden können, wie z.B. die Reform der GAP und die Verknüpfung ihrer Mittel an menschenwürdige Arbeit, um im Laufe der Zeit ein gerechteres und nachhaltigeres Modell aufzubauen.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoan Molinero‐Gerbeau, 2021. "The Problem is not Covid‐19, it's the Model! Industrial Agriculture and Migrant Farm Labour in the EU," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(3), pages 69-74, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:20:y:2021:i:3:p:69-74
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12308
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    1. Gerbeau Yoan Molinero & Avallone Gennaro, 2016. "Producing Cheap Food and Labour: Migrations and Agriculture in the Capitalistic World-Ecology," Social Change Review, Sciendo, vol. 14(2), pages 121-148, December.
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