The impact of factors on Mobile-Assisted Language Learning usage behavior for English learning: Extension of Theory of Planned Behavior model

This study aims to explore the factors influencing the Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) behavior of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in Ho Chi Minh City. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and extended with social influence and facilitating conditions from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the research examines how these factors shape learners’ intentions and behaviors. A quantitative method was employed, using a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms to 383 participants. Data were analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SMARTPLS 3. The findings highlight the importance of both social influence and facilitating conditions in promoting effective MALL adoption. However, facilitating conditions may not significantly influence the intention to use. This perception contributes significantly to the theoretical understanding of the importance of MALL in EFL education. Practical implications suggest that educators should foster positive learning communities and ensure adequate technological infrastructure to sustain students’ engagement with mobile learning platforms.