Dynamic Loss Assessment of HVAC and HVDC Transmission Systems under High-Penetration Renewable Power Integration: A Novelty Approach

The paper presents a MATLAB model based analysis and evaluation framework of the dynamic losses of HVAC and the HVDC systems in high-penetration integration of renewable power. In comparison to the conventional research, in which the conditions are assumed to remain constant or even nominal, this paper tackles the challenge of time-varying renewable generation, like PV and wind variability, and the impact of the renewable penetration level (20 to 80 percent) to the transmission loss. The MATLAB simulations represent the line and transformer losses of HVAC and HVDC line and converter losses in a 300km corridor, which carries 1000 MW base load. The significant results have revealed that the average losses experienced by the HVDC (25 MW-20 % penetrations to 17 MW-80 % penetration) HVDC systems consistently exhibited lower losses compared with HVAC systems across all penetration levels. HVAC losses (HVAC losses changes up to 53MW and 24MW at 20% and 80% penetrations) Loss variability in HVAC systems was approximately 52% higher than in HVDC systems. The study also identifies regions of operational desirability of HVDC and has provided loss composition, density heatmaps, crossover points, dynamic disturbance responses and this gives good guidance in regard to planning transmission according to prevalence of renewable. The outcomes of this study prove the efficiency, stability, and scalability of high renewable integration conditions of HVDC corridors at a greater level.