Comparative analysis of global models of enterprise integration into global value chains

The article provides a comparative analysis of global models of enterprise integration into global value chains (GVCs). The key characteristics of Asian, European, American, and other regional models are examined, identifying their structural features, coordination mechanisms, institutional environment, and competitiveness drivers. The specifics of Japanese, Chinese, newly industrialized countries of Southeast Asia, German, Scandinavian, Mediterranean, American, Latin American, and African models of integration into GVCs are analyzed. A matrix of comparative advantages of different integration models has been developed based on criteria such as coordination type, role of government, competitive advantage focus, technological level, social responsibility, degree of internationalization, flexibility, and adaptability. The analysis of the participation of leading sectors of Ukraine's economy in global value chains is conducted, taking into account their level of integration, position in the chain, forms of participation, and key barriers. The author proposes an integral indicator for assessing the potential of enterprise integration into global value chains – the Integration Prospectivity Index (IPI), which includes an assessment of technological readiness, human resources potential, organizational maturity, export orientation, innovation activity, and network interaction. A methodology for calculating the IPI with appropriate weighting coefficients and interpretation of results has been developed. The most promising integration models for enterprises in various sectors of Ukraine's economy are identified, and recommendations for adapting progressive experiences are formulated. An algorithm for selecting the optimal model of Ukrainian enterprises' integration into GVCs is substantiated, including diagnostic, strategic, implementation, and monitoring stages. The proposed methodological recommendations are tested on food industry and IT enterprises, with an assessment of the economic effects from implementing the developed integration strategies.