Requirements for the Development of a Mobile Teaching-Learning Framework for Bridging the Agricultural Extension Gap: A Case Study of the Kigezi Sub-Region

Purpose: Agricultural extension services are critical for improving farming practices and productivity in rural regions like the Kigezi sub-region of Uganda. Despite their importance, these services face challenges such as limited accessibility, high costs, and lack of timely information. This study evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of current agricultural extension frameworks in Kigezi. Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed, gathering data from 235 agricultural stakeholders: farmers (79.3%), extension officers (12.5%), input suppliers (3.3%), production officers (2.7%), and researchers (2.2%). Surveys assessed the accessibility, effectiveness, and challenges of existing extension services. Findings: Results showed that 91.3% of respondents reported that current frameworks are not mobile-based, and 92.4% noted heavy reliance on face-to-face interactions. Although 87% acknowledged that extension services promote multi-stakeholder participation, 70.7% cited them as costly, and 54.9% found them ineffective for sharing large amounts of information. Furthermore, 75% (mostly farmers) indicated that current methods inadequately support problem-solving. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: In response, the study proposes a mobile-based teaching-learning framework tailored to address these gaps. The framework is accessible, affordable, and user-friendly, utilizing multimedia formats (text, audio, and video) to cater to farmers, including those with low literacy levels. It aims to deliver real-time information like weather updates, market prices, and pest management advice directly to farmers’ mobile devices. With 75% of respondents owning mobile phones, the framework is positioned to improve agricultural knowledge accessibility, empower farmers, and support sustainable agricultural development in Kigezi and similar rural areas.