Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Enhancing Plant Resistance to Drought Stress in Sudan

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the role of mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing plant resistance to drought stress in Sudan. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that fungi, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, extend their hyphae beyond the root zone, significantly increasing the effective root surface area for water and nutrient absorption. This extensive network facilitates improved uptake of essential nutrients, such as phosphorus, which is critical under drought conditions. Mycorrhizal associations also enhance the plant's water retention capacity by improving soil structure and aggregate stability. The hyphal networks help maintain soil porosity and moisture levels, which are vital during periods of limited water availability. Additionally, mycorrhizal fungi can modulate plant physiological responses to drought by influencing hormone levels, particularly abscisic acid, which regulates stomatal closure and reduces water loss. These fungi also induce the production of antioxidant enzymes in plants, mitigating oxidative stress caused by drought. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Optimal foraging theory, resource availability hypothesis and hydraulic redistribution theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the role of mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing plant resistance to drought stress in Sudan. It is essential to integrate mycorrhizal fungi into agricultural practices aimed at enhancing plant resilience to drought. Supporting research and development initiatives focused on mycorrhizal fungi is critical for integrating these beneficial organisms into mainstream agricultural policies and practices.