Effects of Microplastics on Marine Invertebrate Health and Reproduction in Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of microplastics on marine invertebrate health and reproduction in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that that these particles can be ingested by various marine invertebrates, such as mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms, leading to physical and chemical harm. Ingested microplastics can cause physical blockages in the digestive tracts, leading to reduced feeding efficiency, malnutrition, and energy depletion. Chemically, microplastics can leach toxic additives and adsorb harmful pollutants from the surrounding environment, which can then be transferred to the organisms upon ingestion. This toxic exposure can disrupt physiological processes, impair immune functions, and lead to increased mortality rates. Reproductive health is also adversely affected by microplastic pollution. Exposure to microplastics has been shown to reduce reproductive output and success in marine invertebrates. For instance, studies on oysters and other bivalves have indicated a decline in egg and sperm quality, resulting in lower fertilization rates and subsequent developmental abnormalities in larvae. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Ecological systems theory, bioaccumulation theory and endocrine disruption theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effects of microplastics on marine invertebrate health and reproduction in Nigeria. Practical efforts should focus on developing effective mitigation strategies to reduce microplastic pollution in marine environments. Policymakers should enact stricter regulations on plastic production, usage, and disposal to mitigate microplastic pollution.