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Why have strong wage dynamics not pushed up inflation in the euro area?
[Pourquoi le dynamisme des salaires n’a-t-il pas fait augmenter l’inflation en zone euro ?]

Author

Listed:
  • Pavel DIEV
  • Yannick KALANTZIS
  • Antoine LALLIARD

Abstract

Economic research – The recent weak core inflation in the euro area, despite a steady decline in unemployment since 2013, has led some analysts to doubt the existence of a Phillips curve. Wage developments, however, are consistent with their historical relationship with unemployment. This article proposes a novel decomposition of core inflation to explain the apparent absence of transmission of labour cost to inflation since 2017. We show that the increase in labour costs has been offset by a decrease in the margin rate and an improvement in the terms of trade excluding energy and food on the back of the appreciation of the euro. An increase in the price of construction investment relative to the price of consumption has also contributed to the apparent disconnection between labour cost and inflation: the dynamism of domestic prices thus concerns the price of construction more than that of consumption. La faiblesse récente de l’inflation sous-jacente en zone euro malgré une baisse continue du chômage depuis 2013 a amené certains analystes à douter de la courbe de Phillips. L’évolution des salaires est pourtant bien conforme à sa relation historique avec le chômage. Cet article propose une décomposition nouvelle de l’inflation sous jacente afin d’expliquer l’absence apparente de transmission du coût du travail à l’inflation depuis 2017. Nous montrons que la hausse du coût du travail a été compensée par une baisse du taux de marge et une amélioration des termes de l’échange hors énergie et alimentation dans le sillage de l’appréciation de l’euro. Une augmentation du prix relatif de l’investissement en construction par rapport à celui de la consommation a également contribué à la déconnexion apparente entre coût du travail et inflation : le dynamisme des prix intérieurs concerne ainsi davantage le prix de la construction que celui de la consommation.

Suggested Citation

  • Pavel DIEV & Yannick KALANTZIS & Antoine LALLIARD, 2019. "Why have strong wage dynamics not pushed up inflation in the euro area? [Pourquoi le dynamisme des salaires n’a-t-il pas fait augmenter l’inflation en zone euro ?]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 225.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2019:225:06
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Brand, Claus & Obstbaum, Meri & Coenen, Günter & Sondermann, David & Lydon, Reamonn & Ajevskis, Viktors & Hammermann, Felix & Angino, Siria & Hernborg, Nils & Basso, Henrique & Hertweck, Matthias & Bi, 2021. "Employment and the conduct of monetary policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 275, European Central Bank.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange

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