Capacity Development, an Indispensable Determinant of Student Councils’ Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Siaya County, Kenya

The Ministry of Education in Kenya introduced the Student Council Policy in 2009 to promote student participation in school governance and reduce unrest. Despite the formation of student councils, disciplinary issues continue, raising concerns about their effectiveness. This study explores how capacity development for student leaders influences the effectiveness of student councils in public boys' secondary schools in Siaya County, Kenya. It examines the methods used to develop student leadership, the impact of these efforts, and ways to improve student council performance. The research involved 14 deputy principals, 178 student leaders, and the County Director of Education, using a mixed-methods approach with purposive sampling. Data were gathered through interviews and questionnaires, then analyzed using both statistical and thematic techniques. Results showed that most schools support student leaders through mentorship, coaching, and leadership training, though benchmarking and inter-school workshops are rare. A significant positive correlation was found between leadership development and student council effectiveness. The study recommends increased investment in leadership training, mentorship, and regular meetings by school administrators and the Ministry of Education. Additionally, mandatory induction for newly elected student leaders is advised to ensure readiness and effectiveness in their roles.