Understanding the Inclusion Capacity of the Norwegian Friluftsliv Model in Upholding the Quality of Life Through the Ubuntu Perspective – An Integrative Review

The study examined the applicability of the Friluftsliv Model in improving quality of life from an Ubuntu perspective. Purposive sampling was utilised to select the Ubuntu theory, which shares similar values of inclusiveness with the Friluftsliv Model in fostering collective community welfare. This theory has demonstrated relevance in understanding how indigenous communities engage in ecological therapeutic practices, with implications that enhance physical and mental health, thereby improving the well-being of vulnerable groups such as individuals with disabilities, elders, pregnant women, orphans, distressed persons, and those with mental health issues. The Model emphasises increased interaction with nature during spring, autumn, winter, and summer through various outdoor activities, as engagement with nature consistently provides a calming and restorative environment conducive to reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. The Model gained greater international recognition during the COVID-19 pandemic, as reports indicated that friluftsliv became especially vital in Europe as a means to prepare for and cope with social restrictions, lockdowns, and other challenges. Norwegian government support for the implementation of the Friluftsliv Model reflects the country's commitment to the World Health Organisation (WHO) Healthy City guidelines, as evidenced by statistics showing that 83% of Norwegians are engaged in nature activities, 77% spend time in nature weekly, and 25% do so most days. Furthermore, 25% stay outdoors overnight, and it has been reported that Norwegians spend more time in nature than indoors. Many nurseries observe that toddlers spend approximately 80% of their time outdoors. A 2020 survey found that 90% of Norwegians reported feeling less stressed and experiencing a better mood when spending time outdoors. In Norway, the right to access nature is both fundamental and universal, positioning the country among the World's top ten happiest nations. This status is attributed to laws and policies, such as the 1957 Outdoor Recreation Act, which enshrined Norwegians’ longstanding right to enjoy nature and thereby supports and promotes the Friluftsliv Model. Although many key Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators emphasise ecological and indigenous methods, referencing the Ubuntu philosophical framework offers new insights into how integrating models like the Friluftsliv Model into national and global agendas can accelerate improvements in overall quality of life. Accordingly, global policymakers should consider revisiting cost-effective indigenous models, such as Friluftsliv, as a means of attaining a collective quality of life that emphasises prevention over costly curative measures.