A Sociological Study on Health and Social Security among Slum Dwellers: A Survey in Rathmalana, Colombo District in Sri Lanka

This study critically examines the health and social security conditions of slum dwellers residing in the Badowita Grama Niladhari Division, located in Rathmalana within the Colombo District. The primary objective of the research is to identify the key health and social security challenges encountered by this population. Specific objectives include analyzing the family backgrounds of the residents, assessing the availability and condition of sanitation facilities, and investigating the prevalence of drugs and criminal activities within the area. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, with a random sample of 180 participants. The majority of respondents were women aged between 45 and 60 years. The findings indicate that 36% of illicit drugs are accessible within the community, while 27% of respondents reported thefts and murders as prevalent concerns. Among the identified substances, "ice" was reported as the most common drug (38%), followed by heroin (32%). Other substances such as V cap, Kush, cannabis, and various pills were also noted. Regarding law enforcement, 33% of respondents expressed either agreement or disagreement with the effectiveness of the local police, while 27% perceived the situation as stable or unchanged. Dengue fever was identified as the most widespread health issue, affecting 81% of the surveyed population. Based on these findings, it is evident that significant health and social security issues persist within the community, adversely impacting residents in multiple ways. To address these challenges, the study recommends the implementation of targeted awareness programs, greater community participation in planning processes, support for integrated livelihood strategies, the provision of affordable and context-sensitive housing options, improved infrastructure and basic services, and enhanced access to health care and social services.