Social Security Protection for Vulnerable Informal Workers Through City Government Budget in Indonesia: A Legal Analysis of Current Framework and Implementation Challenges

This article examines the legal framework and implementation of social security protection for vulnerable informal workers in Indonesia through city government budget allocations using Dana Bagi Hasil Cukai Hasil Tembakau (DBH CHT). With approximately 60% of Indonesia's workforce operating in the informal sector, the gap in social security coverage represents a significant challenge for achieving universal social protection. This research analyzes the current legal mechanisms, budget allocation strategies at the city level, and the role of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in extending coverage to informal workers. The study finds that while the legal framework exists, implementation challenges persist due to limited fiscal capacity at the local level, inadequate coordination between agencies, and barriers to enrollment among informal workers. The paper proposes legal and policy reforms to strengthen city-level social security programs and improve protection for vulnerable informal workers.x