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Countering Misinformation and Disinformation in Philippine Education: A Systematic Review of Strategies, Challenges, and the Role of Media and Information Literacy

Author

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  • John Paul P. Baja

    (Bulacan State University – Graduate School, Malolos City, Philippines)

  • Dr. Ruben E. Borja II

    (Bulacan State University – Graduate School, Malolos City, Philippines)

Abstract

The Philippine education system plays a vital role in the promotion of critical thinking and Media and Information Literacy (MIL) to counter misinformation and disinformation. This systematic review covers twenty (20) peer-reviewed research studies with full papers available in the database from 2015 to 2025. Specifically, this review seeks to address the following research questions: (1) What strategies have been utilized to counter misinformation and disinformation in Philippine education? (2) What are the challenges encountered by teachers? (3) How effective is media and information literacy in countering misinformation and disinformation in Philippine education? Results revealed that strategies are utilized in the institutional and classroom levels to address the issue, but inconsistencies in the curriculum, lack of professional training for teachers, and limited available resources hinder the successful cultivation of students equipped with critical thinking and MIL skills.

Suggested Citation

  • John Paul P. Baja & Dr. Ruben E. Borja II, 2025. "Countering Misinformation and Disinformation in Philippine Education: A Systematic Review of Strategies, Challenges, and the Role of Media and Information Literacy," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(8), pages 7281-7288, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-8:p:7281-7288
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