Innovation in Industrial Relations Education: Understanding Student Perceptions for Pedagogical Improvement

This study explores student perceptions of learning Industrial Relations (IR) to identify pedagogical improvements that enhance understanding and engagement. Based on a survey of 184 students from multiple academic programs at the Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, the findings reveal that while most students find the subject moderately difficult, specific chapters, particularly those involving trade union law and structure, pose significant challenges. Preferred learning tools such as mind-mapping and brief notes point to the need for more visual and interactive content. The positive reception of an interactive digital tool further supports the integration of educational technology. These insights provide clear directions for curriculum enhancement and student-centered innovation in IR education, especially in public university. Recommendation includes redesigning content-heavy chapters with storytelling and visual aids, incorporating interactive tools, and embedding continuous feedback mechanisms.