Understanding Job Satisfaction in Malaysia’s Security Enforcement Services: A Quantitative Analysis of Key Predictors

Job satisfaction plays a crucial role in maintaining the effectiveness, morale, and retention of personnel in security and enforcement services. This study investigates the influence of self-efficacy, job involvement, and organizational commitment on job satisfaction among security and enforcement personnel in two urban districts in Malaysia. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 120 respondents through standardized self-administered questionnaires. Validated instruments measured self-efficacy, job involvement, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression in SPSS version 20. Results revealed that all three predictors were significantly and positively related to job satisfaction (p < .01). Regression analysis indicated that job involvement emerged as the strongest predictor (β = .382), followed by organizational commitment (β = .250) and self-efficacy (β = .217), collectively explaining 37.7% of the variance in job satisfaction. These findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to enhance employee engagement, foster organizational loyalty, and build individual confidence to improve job satisfaction in the security and enforcement sector. The study offers practical implications for human resource policies, leadership approaches, and training programs in similar high-demand occupational contexts.