IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v9y2025issue-7p5066-5078.html

Validity and Reliability of Green Chemistry Literacy Test Questions for Secondary School Students

Author

Listed:
  • Wan Mazlina Wan Mehammud

    (School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia)

  • Nur Jahan Ahmad

    (School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia)

Abstract

Several studies have been conducted to ascertain the understanding of Green Chemistry among secondary school students. It is believed that students’ comprehension of Green Chemistry concepts has impacted their understanding of environmental issues. The development of an instrument to assess the literacy of Green Chemistry among secondary school students in a Malaysian context was conducted in this study. This study also aimed to determine the validity and reliability processes that were carried out to establish test questions measuring Green Chemistry literacy among secondary school students during activity learning in schools. This instrument was adapted from the Green Chemistry High School Test Questions used before. The validity of all items in this test questions was checked and verified by three (3) experts. The structure of the items was reviewed using content validity index (CVI) rates and received feedback from the experts. According to face validity analysis which was conducted, the instrument with a total of 43 items was validated, and the S-CVI/Ave value is 0.99. A pilot study was conducted with 30 respondents to determine the reliability of the instrument to assess Green Chemistry literacy among Malaysian secondary school students. The Correlation Coefficient of the test questions analysed by using Kuder-Richardson 20 showed a score of 0.95, thus establishing the validity and reliability of this instrument in assessing the Green Chemistry literacy among secondary school students.

Suggested Citation

  • Wan Mazlina Wan Mehammud & Nur Jahan Ahmad, 2025. "Validity and Reliability of Green Chemistry Literacy Test Questions for Secondary School Students," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(7), pages 5066-5078, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-7:p:5066-5078
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-9-issue-7/5066-5078.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/validity-and-reliability-of-green-chemistry-literacy-test-questions-for-secondary-school-students/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stephan Gerr Tawok & Syazwan Saidin, 2025. "Student’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards Sustainable Development Goals at the Sultan Idris Education University," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(2), pages 3743-3753, February.
    2. Meiai Chen & Eila Jeronen & Anming Wang, 2020. "What Lies Behind Teaching and Learning Green Chemistry to Promote Sustainability Education? A Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-25, October.
    3. Jelle Boeve-de Pauw & Niklas Gericke & Daniel Olsson & Teresa Berglund, 2015. "The Effectiveness of Education for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-25, November.
    4. Charles Hopkins, 2012. "Twenty Years of Education for Sustainable Development," Journal of Education for Sustainable Development, , vol. 6(1), pages 1-4, March.
    5. Terry Collins, 2001. "Green chemistry through the mill," Nature, Nature, vol. 414(6860), pages 161-163, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Anna Beniermann & Martin Glos & Heike Schumacher & Ingo Fietze & Stephan Völker & Annette Upmeier zu Belzen, 2023. "‘Sleep Blindness’ in Science Education: How Sleep Health Literacy Can Serve as a Link between Health Education and Education for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Birgitta Nordén & Helen Avery, 2021. "Global Learning for Sustainable Development: A Historical Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-31, March.
    3. Michael Eichinger & Myriam Bechtoldt & Inga Thao My Bui & Julius Grund & Jan Keller & Ashley G. Lau & Shuyan Liu & Michael Neuber & Felix Peter & Carina Pohle & Gerhard Reese & Fabian Schäfer & Stepha, 2022. "Evaluating the Public Climate School—A School-Based Programme to Promote Climate Awareness and Action in Students: Protocol of a Cluster-Controlled Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-14, June.
    4. Julius Grund & Antje Brock, 2019. "Why We Should Empty Pandora’s Box to Create a Sustainable Future: Hope, Sustainability and Its Implications for Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-20, February.
    5. Alexander Hellquist & Martin Westin, 2019. "On the Inevitable Bounding of Pluralism in ESE—An Empirical Study of the Swedish Green Flag Initiative," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, April.
    6. Chen, Liang & Guo, Yirong, 2023. "The drivers of sustainable development: Natural resources extraction and education for low-middle- and high-income countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    7. Renée Sánchez Morales & Pedro Sáenz-López & Maria Angeles de las Heras Perez, 2024. "Green Chemistry and Its Impact on the Transition towards Sustainable Chemistry: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-14, July.
    8. Eleni Sinakou & Jelle Boeve-de Pauw & Peter Van Petegem, 2019. "Exploring the concept of sustainable development within education for sustainable development: implications for ESD research and practice," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 1-10, February.
    9. Shaikha R. Al-Nuaimi & Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, 2022. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Sustainability Aspects among Higher Education Students in Qatar," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
    10. Suhair Eyad Al-Alami, 2026. "Sustainability in English Language Acquisition: Points to Explore," World Journal of English Language, Sciedu Press, vol. 16(2), pages 420-420, March.
    11. Eva-Maria Waltner & Werner Rieß & Christoph Mischo, 2019. "Development and Validation of an Instrument for Measuring Student Sustainability Competencies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-20, March.
    12. Jianping Huang & Yuheng Tao & Minghong Shi & Jun Wu, 2022. "Empirical Study on Design Trend of Taiwan (1960s–2020): The Evolution of Theme, Diversity and Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, October.
    13. Daniela M. Salvioni & Simona Franzoni & Raffaella Cassano, 2017. "Sustainability in the Higher Education System: An Opportunity to Improve Quality and Image," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-27, May.
    14. Maria Hofman-Bergholm, 2022. "Storytelling as an Educational Tool in Sustainable Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-14, March.
    15. Gabriela Grosseck & Laurențiu Gabriel Țîru & Ramona Alice Bran, 2019. "Education for Sustainable Development: Evolution and Perspectives: A Bibliometric Review of Research, 1992–2018," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-35, November.
    16. Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki & Arava Tsoury, 2025. "From Awareness to Action: A UK-Based Study on Public Perceptions of Digital Pollution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-26, August.
    17. Yi-Chen Lai & Li-Hsun Peng, 2019. "Effective Teaching and Activities of Excellent Teachers for the Sustainable Development of Higher Design Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-27, December.
    18. Marit Kristine List & Fabian T. C. Schmidt & Daria Mundt & Dennis Föste-Eggers, 2020. "Still Green at Fifteen? Investigating Environmental Awareness of the PISA 2015 Population: Cross-National Differences and Correlates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-20, April.
    19. Nina Kolleck & Helge Jörgens & Mareike Well, 2017. "Levels of Governance in Policy Innovation Cycles in Community Education: The Cases of Education for Sustainable Development and Climate Change Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-16, October.
    20. Alba Manresa & Jasmina Berbegal-Mirabent & Úrsula Faura-Martínez & Juan-Vicente Llinares-Ciscar, 2021. "What Do Freshmen Know about Sustainability? Analysing the Skill Gap among University Business Administration Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-21, August.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-7:p:5066-5078. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.