Police Intervention Strategies and Management of Land-Related Conflicts in Kilifi County, Kenya

Land-related conflicts in Kilifi County, Kenya, rooted in historical injustices and socio-economic pressures, frequently escalate into criminal acts, necessitating police intervention. This study examines the impact and efficacy of police intervention strategies in managing these disputes, focusing on their dual role in enforcement and informal mediation. Employing a mixed-methods and a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 118 respondents—police officers, local government officials, and community representatives—via questionnaires and interviews. Findings reveal that criminal arrests (41%) and eviction warrants (29%) dominate enforcement strategies, achieving moderate success in de-escalating immediate violence (e.g., 40.5% agreement on warrant execution efficacy). However, challenges such as organized crime (36.2%), resource constraints, and limited legal authority hinder long-term resolution. Mediation emerges as a vital informal strategy, fostering community trust, yet its effectiveness is curtailed by inadequate training and systemic issues. Grounded in Conflict Theory, the study highlights the need to address structural drivers (e.g., land tenure insecurity) alongside enforcement. Recommendations include enhanced police training, resource allocation, and expedited judicial processes to improve outcomes. This research contributes to understanding police adaptability in complex conflict settings, offering insights for policy reform in Kilifi County and similar contexts.