Jihad as a Communication Strategy in Syair Perang Menteng

Jihad (in an Islamic context, it refers to the effort exerted to live a righteous life, uphold the teachings of Islam, and defend the faith when necessary),is a fundamental element in classical historiographical works, particularly within the war genre, which not only reflects the spirit of struggle but also serves as a communication mechanism among the Malay-Muslim community. In the context of traditional Malay literature, jihad encompasses not only military aspects but also moral, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions that reinforce societal values. This study examines Syair Perang Menteng by focusing on jihad as a symbol of communication formation, drawing upon the communication theory proposed by Hashim Fauzy Yaacob (2001). According to this theory, communication serves four primary functions: informing, educating, persuading, and entertaining. In Syair Perang Menteng, jihad transcends the depiction of physical warfare, functioning as a vehicle for conveying values and ideologies to society. The element of jihad in this syair (poem)is manifested across various aspects of communication. First, it functions as an informational channel, recording historical events, warfare strategies, and the heroism of the figures involved. Second, the educational function is evident through narratives that teach society about the importance of defending religion and homeland, loyalty, and leadership grounded in trust and justice. Third, the persuasive function is emphasized through the rhetorical and emotional language of the syair (poem), aimed at inspiring a spirit of struggle and unity within the community. Fourth, the entertainment function is observable in the poetic and dramatic delivery of the syair (poem), captivating listeners and readers with elements of heroism and sacrifice. Through this analysis, the study finds that Syair Perang Menteng is not merely a historical record but also an effective communication tool in shaping societal thought and fostering a spirit of struggle during its era. It illustrates how literature can be employed as a communication medium that strengthens identity, cultural values, and nationalism. The implications of this study suggest that the element of jihad in classical literature is not confined to the context of warfare alone but also plays a crucial role in building collective consciousness and transmitting civilizational values to subsequent generations. By understanding jihad as a symbol of communication within this syair (poem), this study offers a new perspective on how traditional literature can remain relevant in shaping the thoughts and identity of the Malay-Muslim community.