Gender Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System of Iligan City and Cagayan de Oro City

This study explores gender disparities in the juvenile justice systems of Iligan City and Cagayan de Oro City, with particular attention to diverse gender identities, including male and non-binary youth. By integrating case narratives and analyzing systemic barriers, the study provides a nuanced understanding of how gender shapes juvenile justice experiences. This study also examines gender disparities in the juvenile justice system, focusing on positive developments and gender-responsive practices. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data from 2019 to 2024 juvenile offender records were analyzed alongside qualitative interviews with juvenile justice officers, social workers, and youth offenders. The data revealed that although male juveniles comprise the majority of cases (approximately 70%), female juveniles demonstrate higher engagement in rehabilitation programs, including educational, psychosocial, and life skills interventions. There has been a notable reduction in detention durations for female juveniles, reflecting a shift toward restorative justice and alternatives to incarceration. Qualitative findings highlighted increased gender sensitivity training among juvenile justice personnel, which improved their capacity to address the unique needs of female offenders and foster supportive environments. Tailored rehabilitation programs addressing gender-based challenges, such as violence and discrimination, received positive feedback from participants, contributing to successful reintegration. Community-based interventions and active family involvement were more prominent in female juvenile cases, further enhancing rehabilitation outcomes. Institutional commitment to gender equity was demonstrated through policy reforms promoting non-discrimination and equitable access to services. These findings underscore the progress made in reducing gender bias within juvenile justice systems and the importance of sustaining gender-responsive practices. Continued emphasis on gender sensitivity training, community involvement, and alternative rehabilitation programs can strengthen juvenile justice outcomes for all genders. This study contributes valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to foster an inclusive, equitable, and effective juvenile justice framework.