Factors Influencing the Performance of Congregational Obligatory Prayers at Mosques in Kelantan from the Perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

Congregational prayer at the mosque is a practice that must be preserved, as it fosters feelings of ‎love among Muslims and cultivates a disciplined and orderly community. Despite the ‎importance of congregational prayer at the mosque, public awareness of its implementation is ‎unsatisfactory. This situation raises questions regarding the factors influencing an individual’s ‎readiness to perform it at the mosque consistently, five times daily. Therefore, this study aims to ‎evaluate the influence of internal factors, such as attitude and perceived behavioral control ‎‎(self-confidence), and external factors, such as subjective norms on the performance of ‎congregational prayer among mosque congregants in Kelantan from the perspective of the ‎Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A total of 623 data points were collected from congregants ‎and analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS 4.0 software. The study’s findings indicate that all TPB ‎model factors positively influence the performance of congregational prayer (R2=0.585), except ‎for subjective norms, which did not affect this practice. The IPMA analysis results ‎show that perceived behavioral control or self-confidence is the primary predictor of ‎performing congregational prayer, followed by attitude. Suggestions and implications of the ‎study are further discussed.‎