Understanding the Evolving Bangladesh- India Relationship: Key Factors and their Consequences

Bangladesh’s relationship with India is multifaceted, encompassing ideological, political, cultural, and economic dimensions. Initially, the bond was strong, fueled by India’s significant role in Bangladesh’s historic liberation war, creating a foundation of expectation and hope. However, despite the solidarity during the liberation struggle, the relationship faced challenges stemming from Bangladesh’s nation and state-building efforts. India’s policy towards Bangladesh also struggled to transcend the political party lines within Bangladesh. Various bilateral issues continued to strain the relationship. Since 2009, Indo-Bangladesh relations appeared to be back on track, but recent regime changes have placed the relationship at a crossroads, making the honeymoon period of the last 15 years (2009-2024) seem distant. Key factors such as trade, transit, water sharing, security, and border management are increasingly driving the two countries apart, with these determinants becoming more interdependent. Identifying and addressing these key determinants is crucial for a sustainable bilateral relationship. Without addressing these concerns, a lasting and stable relationship will remain elusive.