Structural Equation Modelling of Students’ Difficulties in General Mathematics

In the modern era of K-12 education, experts in the field of education have extensive experience in addressing challenges related to student learning, particularly in mathematics. To investigate these issues further, a study on Structural Equation Modelling of Students’ Difficulties in General Mathematics was conducted. The research employed a quantitative, descriptive-correlational design and involved 390 Grade 11 students from Banga National High School. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized to assess the difficulties students face in General Mathematics.The findings reveal that demographic factors (e.g., socio-economic background and prior academic experience) significantly and strongly influence the challenges students face in mathematics (β = 0.694, p 0.05), indicating that engagement alone is insufficient to address these challenges.The structural equation modeling revealed that the predictors accounted for 51.2% of the variance in students’ difficulties and 17.1% of the variance in student engagement, underscoring the need for comprehensive approaches.These findings suggest that targeted interventions aimed at improving study habits, enhancing parental involvement, and fostering a more supportive learning environment are crucial in reducing student difficulties in General Mathematics. While improving student engagement is important, focusing on addressing demographic challenges should be prioritized. The study provides a solid framework for designing academic support strategies tailored to the needs of Grade 11 students at Banga National High School, ultimately improving their academic success in mathematics.