Qur'anic Balances and their Role in Building the State and the Nation: Surah al-Fath as a Model

This research aims to analyze the Qur'anic balances (muwÄ zanÄ t) in Surah Al-Fath as a central model for building the state and the nation. It focuses on formulating the methodology of Prophetic leadership in managing conflict and political transformations. The study originated from one pivotal problem: How do the Qur'anic balances-as presented by Surah Al-Fath-contribute to forming a comprehensive leadership methodology, building a cohesive nation, and establishing the foundations of the state in light of revelation? To achieve this goal, the study adopted the descriptive analytical method, the thematic approach in TafsÄ«r (exegesis), and textual induction. It also utilized historical and comparative analysis of the context of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and the subsequent Conquest (Fath). The results showed that Surah Al-Fath presented an integrated model of balances between firmness and mercy, peace and power, and steadfastness and review. This formed a unique leadership framework based on a strategic vision that looks beyond immediate circumstances toward distant outcomes. The study also revealed that the building of the nation in the Surah relied on precise balances between psychological preparation (sending down SakÄ«nah [tranquility] and increasing ImÄ n [faith]), social construction (the pledge of allegiance [Bay'ah], group screening), and military qualification. These factors contributed to the formation of a solid collective structure capable of resilience in the face of transformations. In the aspect of state-building, the Surah highlighted the concept of strategic peace as a conscious choice leading to the realization of a "near conquest" (fath qarÄ«b). It redefined victory and political legitimacy through a careful balance between obedience, leadership, and divine pleasure. The study concludes that the model of Qur'anic balances in Surah Al-Fath is a foundational framework for conflict management and state-building in Islam. It offers a new scholarly contribution to the fields of thematic exegesis and Qur'anic political jurisprudence (Fiqh SiyÄ sÄ«) by integrating educational, psychological, and political elements into a single vision. The research also recommends the necessity of expanding investigation into other politically-oriented Surahs. Furthermore, it calls for developing applied methodologies that leverage this Qur'anic model in leadership and public policy programs.